Analysis On The Experience And Theory Of Engineering Science And Its Social System

Since the birth of modern science,natural science has become a model of human knowledge with its accuracy,positivity and universality,and almost all knowledge is in line with natural science.The logic of natural science cognition and scientific research mode have become the internal basis of university operation.At the same time,due to the knowledge dependence of modern engineering and technology activities on science,the dominant position of natural science is strengthened,and the education and research of engineering and technology are also in line with that of natural science.All kinds of university education with different goals and functions adopt the homogenized science education mode and quality control standard,which leads to the dislocation between the incentive mechanism of engineering education system and the social expectation of University.Therefore,the reform of engineering universities has become a worldwide issue.The reform of education mode,discipline orientation and evaluation system of engineering universities depends on the understanding of the uniqueness of Engineering Science in cognition and activities.Based on this,it is of great significance to the empirical and theoretical research on the concept of Engineering Science and its social system.Through the analysis of two cases of The Welding Specialty of Harbin Institute of Technology and The Control and Cimulation Center of Harbin Institute of Technology,this paper finds the cognitive logic and reasonable organization form behind the successful engineering education and engineering science research,which provides experience basis for understanding engineering science.Based on the deep interpretation of Qian Xuesen’s engineering science thought and system engineering thought and the comparison with natural science,this paper puts forward that the basis of the relatively independent ontology status of engineering science lies in the reality of artificial nature as its research object and the objectivity and comprehensibility of its operation law.Then,it explains three forms of engineering science as knowledge,as practice and as social system.In the sense of structure function,the normative structure of engineering science community is given: the system goal of engineering science is to explore and provide knowledge for solving engineering problems.In order to achieve the goal of the system,we need to follow the norms of maintaining tension between universalism and particularism,publicism and special interest care,collectivism consciousness,social accountability and reflection.Finally,six suggestions are put forward to solve the problems of engineering education and Engineering Science Evaluation in China.The suggestions are the diversification of mission and goal of higher engineering education,the value shift from“theory priority” to “practice priority”,the interdisciplinary integration with project as the core,the shift from “priority” to team cooperation and innovation,and the construction of diversified evaluation standards and evaluation subjects.