Landscape Characteristics,Evaluation And Protection Of Traditional Villages In Guanzhong Area

Traditional village is a landscape complex with rich history and culture,which is composed of human settlements,mountains,rivers,forests and fields.Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province has a long history of Humanities and rich natural resources,and many traditional villages with regional landscape characteristics are preserved.This paper takes 45 national traditional villages in Guanzhong area as the research object,from the perspective of landscape architecture,through literature research,field research,Arc GIS core density analysis,buffer analysis,landscape ecological sensitivity evaluation and other methods to study the landscape characteristics,evaluation and protection of traditional villages.Firstly,the paper studies the spatial distribution pattern,location feature,landscape feature and type division of traditional villages in the whole region through literature research,nuclear density analysis and buffer zone analysis.The results show that:(1)the nuclear density values are divided into four levels: 1.The traditional villages in Guanzhong area generally show the overall distribution pattern of centralized concentration in the East,a small amount in the South and the west,with two high density areas,mainly concentrated in Hancheng and Heyang counties in Weinan City,with the number of traditional villages being 11 and 7 respectively;Two medium density areas,including northwest Weinan City,Xianyang city and Tongchuan City;Multiple low density and zero density areas.(2)88% of the traditional villages in Guanzhong area are in low altitude area;93.33% of them gathered in the flat and gentle slopes;Half sunny slope and shady slope live,pursuing the South and Southeast orientation;97.78%of them were located in the low level fluctuation area;The distribution of the near water system is the most in the Yellow River;76% of the results were found in the buffer area of County Road < 3200 m.(3)The traditional villages are divided into four types: the village of pit kiln yard in the tableland of Weibei tableland,the village of Sihe narrow courtyard and cave mixed village in the north of Wei River Plain,the village of Sihe narrow courtyard in the Weihe plain and the single row house village in qinlingshan.Secondly,on the micro level,the comprehensive evaluation system of traditional village landscape is constructed to evaluate the regional typical traditional village landscape.First,based on the previous field investigation and literature collection,the relevant national and provincial evaluation standards are studied in-depth.The comprehensive evaluation system of traditional village landscape in Guanzhong area is constructed by expert scoring and AHP,which includes 25 indicators of 6 criteria levels.The paper analyzes the weight,and finds that for the traditional village landscape,the location and landscape pattern of the village are the most important,followed by the architectural landscape,natural landscape and street landscape,and finally the intangible cultural landscape and landscape protection;Then,three typical villages of different types and different development stages,Yuanjia village,Qingshui village and shichuangou village are selected for landscape investigation and comprehensive evaluation.It is concluded that Yuanjia village has the best landscape style,followed by Qingshui village and shichuangou village;The paper summarizes the problems of hollowing,abandoned traditional buildings and poor regional recognition of streets and alleys in traditional villages.Finally,according to the previous research results,the paper puts forward the traditional village landscape protection strategy.At the regional level,five single factors,including altitude,slope,slope direction,topographic fluctuation and land cover type,are selected to evaluate the landscape ecological sensitivity of Guanzhong area,and the landscape base protection area is defined.The results show that there is one traditional village in Guanzhong area,which is shichuangou village,which is distributed in the core reserve of the landscape base;There are 5in the buffer zone of landscape base protection,39 in the coordination area of landscape base protection.According to the results,the regional traditional villages are protected in an integrated way;At the village level,the paper puts forward the protection strategies from three aspects: the overall style,the material cultural landscape and the intangible cultural landscape.