Research On Simulation And Optimization Of Evacuation In Fire Scenarios Of Commercial Complex

In recent years,although fire accidents in my country have improved,the number of fires,deaths,and direct economic losses have all declined,but the overall safety situation of fire accidents is still not optimistic.Commercial complexes are one of the main places where fires occur.Once a fire occurs,it can easily cause huge casualties and property losses.This paper takes a commercial complex in Xi’an as an example,using PyroSim and Pathfinder to study the emergency evacuation of personnel in the commercial complex in a fire scenario.According to the actual parameters of the mall,the PyroSim software is used to establish a fire simulation building model,and three fire scenarios are simulated and analyzed.The results show that the impact of smoke on personnel in the initial stage of a commercial complex fire is mainly due to the decrease in visibility.The CO concentration does not reach the critical value of danger except in the area where the fire source is located;the vertical passage similar to the elevator shaft of the commercial complex will accelerate the spread of smoke in the building,causing multiple floors of the complex to be affected by the fire smoke.The Pathfinder software was used to construct the evacuation model of the commercial complex,and the emergency evacuation process was simulated and analyzed.The evacuation results show that the evacuation time is the shortest and the evacuation difficulty is the shortest on the first floor,and the evacuation time is the longest and the evacuation difficulty is the longest for the people on the third to fifth floors of the middle floor.During the emergency evacuation process,the upper evacuation process will take less time for the upper evacuation.The space of the staircase on the first floor reduces the evacuation efficiency of the lower floors;the average time it takes for the personnel to complete the evacuation:adult male<adult female<children<elderly male<elderly female.The safety of emergency evacuation of personnel in fire scenarios shows that when the fire protection components are intact,most people can be safely evacuated in underground and high-level fires,while low-level fires close to vertical passages will be threatened by fire smoke during the evacuation of middle-level personnel.The evacuation process has problems such as"bottleneck effect" and trajectory crossing,uneven use of exits,and reverse evacuation.Strategies such as equipment and facility guidance,manual guidance,reasonable arrangement of evacuation sequences,and control of the number of people in shopping malls have been proposed to improve the efficiency of evacuation.Based on the principle of dynamic programming,a theoretical model of evacuation route optimization considering the effects of fire is constructed.The research conclusions and results are of great significance to improve the fire safety management of commercial complexes,reduce the casualties and property losses in fire scenarios,and provide certain reference significance for the study of emergency evacuation assistance decision-making for fire personnel.