Study On Spatial Cognition Of The Pedestrian In Subway

As a popular travel mode in the development of modern urban public transportation,subway was prone to cause casualties and property losses when unexpected events occur due to its large passenger volume and special operating environment.Therefore,emergency evacuation had become the focus of research in the field of public security.According to the response time model of evacuation,pedestrians’ perception and response to emergencies mainly depended on the spatial cognition of the surrounding environment,and the spatial cognition of evacuees had an important influence on emergency evacuation behavior and evacuation speed.However,spatial cognition was a complex psychological process,which was affected by many factors.Subway stations were usually located in underground spaces,and there is a problem of invalid reference objects.However,the spatial perception of the evacuees was only qualitative analyzed or quantitative described with simple parameters in the existing emergency evacuation studies,which did not conform to the actual situation.This research analyzed the spatial cognition of pedestrian in subway from two aspects: the psychological influencing factors of pedestrian subway space cognition and the quantification of pedestrian subway space cognition level.First,through the literature,the psychological influencing factors of spatial cognition and the quantitative indicators of spatial cognition level were summarized,and according to different research methods,the psychological latent variable questionnaire,the cognitive map questionnaire and the personal attribute questionnaire were designed.Then the pedestrians in Shanghai Century Avenue subway station were randomly sampled by means of field investigation,and the obtained data were statistically analyzed.The results show that the sample sampling is reasonable,and there were significant differences in the recognition frequency of different spatial elements for samples.Secondly,a structural equation model was established based on the psychological latent variable questionnaire data.The relationship between the psychological latent variable and the measured variable was analyzed through the measurement equation,and the relationship between the various psychological latent variables was analyzed through the structural equation,so as to explore the psychological influence factors of pedestrian’space cognition in subway In addition,considering the influence of personal attributes on various psychological latent variables,based on the psychological latent variable questionnaire data and the personal attributes questionnaire data,the MIMIC model was established to analyze the relationship between personal attributes and various psychological latent variables.The results show that people with better sense of direction have stronger ability to recognize pictures,and they are more inclined to rely on indicator signs and schematic diagrams in their daily life to guide wayfinding,which is manifested as a higher degree of spatial awareness;personal attributes affect various psychological latent variables The impact is different,among them,people who visit the station more frequently have a higher degree of spatial awareness.Finally,the standard deviation ellipse method was used to analyze the cognitive distortions of pedestrians to each spatial element in the subway station from two aspects:the degree of dispersion of cognitive location deviation and the dominant direction of cognitive location distribution.Based on some results of cognitive distortion analysis,quantitative indicators were constructed to explore the differences in the cognitive level of the sample population on the spatial elements in the subway station,and the spatial cognitive level of the sample individuals was further calculated according to the results of the differences.Then the Binary Logistic model was used to analyze the influence of personal attributes on the spatial cognition level of the samples.The results show that the orientation of cognitive location distribution of some elements is basically the same as the orientation of spatial positioning baseline.At the same time the annual household income and the frequency of visiting the station have a significant positive influence on the spatial cognition level of the sample individuals.This study can provide a basis for the design of subway stations,and at the same time provide a new research perspective for the study of subway emergency evacuation behavior decision-making.