Evaluation And Optimization Strategy Of The Aging Of Chongqing Community Park

With the increasing number of the elderly population in China,the aging rate is far faster than that of other countries in the world.At present,China is facing a severe aging challenge,and the aging problem has attracted much attention from the society.In the 14 th five year plan,China has formulated a national strategy to actively deal with the aging,and clearly proposed to accelerate the improvement of infrastructure to adapt to the aging,and actively create an elderly friendly society.As a high accessibility park green space in the city,community park is an important place for the elderly activities,which has a promoting effect on the physical and mental health of the elderly.At the beginning of the construction,most of the existing community parks did not carry out a comprehensive design consideration for the needs of the elderly,and there are many problems that are not suitable for the elderly.Therefore,it is an inevitable choice to speed up the aging improvement of infrastructure to understand the elderly’s demand for community parks,find out the problem of community parks not suitable for the elderly,and put forward the optimization suggestions of community parks suitable for the elderly.This paper selects four community parks with high degree of aging from the community parks in the main urban area of Chongqing as the research objects,uses the post use evaluation method,through field research and analysis,behavior observation of the elderly and satisfaction questionnaire evaluation,comprehensively analyzes the data results,summarizes the problems of community parks for the elderly,and puts forward the optimization strategy for the elderly.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)By using the methods of literature review,questionnaire interview and factor analysis,this paper selects four first-class evaluation indexes of site space,landscape environment,service facilities and management and maintenance,and 25 second-class evaluation indexes to determine the satisfaction evaluation index system.(2)Through behavior observation and behavior notes,we can draw the following conclusions: ① the activity type preference of the elderly is recreational activities >cultural and entertainment activities > health and fitness activities.② High frequency behavior types: there are 42 behaviors in four community parks,and the top ten behaviors are walking,sitting around,square dancing,playing cards,watching other people’s activities,talking,basking in the sun,taking care of children,health exercises and fitness equipment.③ behavior time distribution characteristics: recreational activities were concentrated in 10:00-12:00 and 14:00-16:00,health and fitness activities were concentrated in 8:00-10:00 and 16:00-18:00,and cultural and entertainment activities were concentrated in 8:00-10:00 and 14:00-16:00.④ spatial distribution characteristics of behavior: the elderly prefer square,road and pavilion building space with appropriate scale,high openness,beautiful plant landscape,sufficient service facilities and good health condition.⑤ Misuse behavior: including trampling on the grass,hanging trees,pressing legs on railings and hitting the veranda column.(3)In the questionnaire survey of the elderly,there are ① behavioral preferences:the number of the elderly who arrive at the community park within 10 minutes is relatively high,and the number of the elderly who visit the community park several times a day is relatively high.The majority of the elderly who spend 1-2 hours in the park are mainly in the form of collective activities.② The first level index score of Jialing village community park was site space(3.49)> landscape environment(3.53)>service facilities(2.55)> management and maintenance(2.44),and the first level index score of Dongfeng garden was management and maintenance(3.69)> site space(3.58)> landscape environment(3.39)> service facilities(3.10),The first level index score of Nanhu Park was management and maintenance(4.28)> landscape environment(4.13)> site space(3.58)> service facilities(3.47),and the first level index score of Yugao Park was management and maintenance(4.30)> site space(4.11)> service facilities(4.01)> landscape environment(3.93).The results showed that Yugao Park(4.03)and Nanhu Park(3.81)were generally satisfied,Dongfeng Garden(3.37)and Jialing Village Community Park(3.03)were generally satisfied.(4)Comprehensive analysis of the community park for the elderly problems,including the site space planning is not reasonable,lack of landscape environmental quality,service facilities are not perfect and poor management and maintenance effect.(5)In view of the current situation,the following optimization strategies are put forward: ① Organize the space reasonably according to the different activity types and time distribution characteristics of the elderly,and endow the space with sharing function for the elderly and children;The pedestrian path can meet the needs of convenience and comfort;The pavement meets the requirements of safety and identifiability.② Enhance the quality of landscape environment: increase the richness of plant space,plant selection should meet the needs of health and safety;Create the effect of seasonal changes of plants,so that the elderly have a good view in four seasons;Landscape architecture sketch needs to improve the sense of belonging and security.③ improve the service facilities: increase the number of recreational facilities,optimize the layout according to different activity space,and make the seat material and height suitable for the physiological needs of the elderly;Increase entertainment and fitness facilities to meet the fitness and entertainment needs of the elderly;Improve sanitation facilities,compact community park can increase mobile public toilets;Lighting facilities to meet the safety needs of the elderly;The identification facilities should be sound and eye-catching;Add safety standard aging facilities.④strengthen the management,maintenance and guarantee: integrate social resources and guide the elderly to participate in it;Pay attention to management and maintenance,improve the environmental quality of the park.In view of the existing problem of community park not suitable for the elderly,this paper puts forward the corresponding optimization strategy,in order to provide reference for the optimization of community park suitable for the elderly from the perspective of planning and design.