The Research On Site Selection Process And Pattern Of Eastern Royal Tombs Of The Qing Dynasty

Easter Royal Tombs of Qing Dynasty is one of the largest tombs in China with the largest scale,the most complete system and the best preservation.It was built after Qing Dynasty defeat Ming Dynasty,it constitutes the Qing Dynasty Royal Tombs System with Yong Royal Tomb,Fu Royal Tomb,Zhao Royal Tomb and Western Royal Tombs which located in Yixian,Hebei Province.At present,the research on Easter Royal Tombs of Qing Dynasty mainly focuses on the direction of mausoleum culture,architectural history and theory,management and protection of mausoleum,and there are relatively few studies on the direction of Feng Shui.The research on this aspect will become an important supplement to the study of the Imperial Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.It will not only provide a way of thinking and methods for the study of other imperial tombs in the future,but also provide theoretical support for the protection and development of Easter Royal Tombs of Qing Dynasty.The basis of this research lies in the excavation of historical archives,including the archives of the Qing Dynasty collected by The First Historical Archives of China,the National Library of China,and some historical materials collected by the Cultural Relics Management Office of Easter Royal Tombs of Qing Dynasty.There are three main types of information that need to be obtained.One is all the archives related to the site selection process,including the record of the progress of the report submitted by all the ministers,the Emperor’s will,and the project files recording the construction process of each mausoleum;The twice is the Feng Shui files written by all the officials who participated in the process of site selection and exploration in the east and west mausoleums;The third is the Feng Shui situation map draw by Yangshi-lei.The process of sorting out the data is an important part of the research.It is also divided into two aspects.One is to sort out all kinds of data according to the timeline,and the other is to classify the content of Feng Shui files according to the Situation School and the Management of Qi School,preparing for the next step.Through the analysis of the data related to the site selection process,it can help to clarify the information on the site selection steps,personnel adjustment,and the process of selecting the site.Interpretation of the Feng Shui files can help restore the Feng Shui sects and methods used by the officials during the site selection.The participation of Feng Shui officials during the Qing Dynasty’s site selection is certain,but what standard or method,and especially what Management of Qi School does the officials use to judge the good or bad of the site is unknown.The theory of ancient Feng Shui can be divided into two sects.One is the Situation School,also known as the Jiangxi school.The other is the Management of Qi School,also known as the Fujian school.In the Qing Dynasty official compilation of the book Gu Jin Tu Shu Ji Cheng and Si Ku Quan Shu,there are special collections of these two types of Feng Shui schools,through the study of the Feng Shui thoughts in these works,we can begin to study the application of the Feng Shui Situation School and the Management of Qi School in the phase of the selection..The research on the pattern of the Easter Royal Tombs of Qing Dynasty is mainly about the study of the Feng Shui pattern of each tomb.Through the analysis and interpretation of the Feng Shui files and the Feng Shui situation map,supplemented by field investigations of the mausoleum environment,the pattern elements can be obtained after synthesis.For example,Xuanwu Hill,the Dragon and Tiger hills,the An and Chao Hills,the direction of water flow and going,etc.,to clarify the Feng Shui pattern of each research object.According to research,the selection of the site of the Emperor’s Royal Tomb in the Qing Dynasty was a long process.First of all,the emperor should designate a number of ministers who were trusted by the emperor,and then the ministers would recommend several officials who were proficient in Feng Shui.The location of the site is generally within the Eastern and Western Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty.After several repeated surveys,the site with best Feng Shui situation will be decided as the site of the Emperor’s tomb.It can be known that the site of the Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty did not have an officially designated standard.Different Fengshui officials follow different theories,then different methods are used in actual site selection.Generally,San He School are used more,and other methods such as the San Yuan School and the Xuan Kong Tai Yi School are also used.All these tombs follow the "Four Gods Pattern" in the Feng Shui situation.There are sand mountain enclosures around the acupoints.And there is a water flow loop in the Ming Tang,to achieve the purpose of gathering gas.