| Qintianjian,one of the central institutions of the Qing Dynasty,has departments of Tianwen,Shixian,Louke,etc.Among them,the Loukeke mainly undertakes the functions of Royal Yin and Yang,choosing the time,distinguishing do’s and dont’s and so on,which is an essential part in the construction of royal gardens in the Qing Dynasty.In this research,by consulting the history of the official system of the Qing Dynasty,such as Meeting ceremony of the Five Dynasties in the Qing Dynasty,we sort out the institutional setting of Tianjian,and through the analysis and classify of the memorial,we can restore the missing engraved section to participate in the construction of the royal garden.The purpose of the research is to summarize the methods of the Royal Garden’s,and to explore the relationship between Geomancy culture and the royal garden.When the Loukeke is involved in the construction of the Royal Garden,it is mainly responsible for the site planning and timing.Site planning is one of the steps of the Royal Garden Construction in Qing Dynasty,which is related to the conception and layout of the garden.Timing is that under the influence of the idea of heaven and human,all royal grand activities need timing,and the construction and repair of royal gardens are no exception.In the work of site planning,the workers of Loukeke compiled "a critical discussion on the geographical awakening of qintianjian" to correct the concept of Geomancy.This is the only book of Loukeke about site planning work at present,from which we can summarize the methods and standards of site planning.In order to comply with the timing work,the officials of the Loukeke compiled the "imperial calendar" and "the imperial Association’s Ji Bian Fang Shu" in the years of Kangxi and Qianlong,as the model of the Loukeke’s timing work.According to the construction procedure,the Royal Garden in Qing Dynasty can be divided into the stages of project approval,exploration and evaluation of money and grain,design,construction,management and maintenance,in which the design and maintenance stage was participated by the Loukeke.According to the types,royal gardens can be divided into other types,such as inner court,Imperial Palace and so on.At present,the academic research on the imperial garden in Qing Dynasty mainly focuses on the history,aesthetics of the garden,but rarely mentions the Geomancy in the traditional Chinese culture,and the research on the work of the Loukeke in charge of the Geomancy is almost blank.In this paper,through consulting and sorting out and classifying the records of the imperial court in Qing Dynasty,we can reappear the work that the Department of Loukeke participated in the construction of the imperial garden in Qing Dynasty.Historical materials are mainly from the first historical archives of China and the Shanben reading room of the Palace Museum of Taipei.The contents are detailed and reliable,which are valuable materials for this research.Through the overall verification of the historical data after sorting out and classifying,this paper summarizes the public opinion methods used by the Loukeke in the process of participating in the construction of the Royal Garden,explores the environmental concept,ecological concept and belief in heaven and earth in the construction process of the royal garden under the influence of the public opinion culture,so as to arouse people’s thinking about the natural awe,scientific development and life needs.All of these provide a new way to study royal garden. |
