Research On The Comparison Of Intensive Care Unit Spatial Design Between Chinese And American General Hospitals And The Optimization Strategy

General hospital is a medical institution with the main purpose of diagnosing disease and caring for patients.Its facilities should improve the treatment and recovery conditions of patients as much as possible.As a professional department for centralized monitoring and treatment of critically ill patients in hospitals,Intensive Care Unit is an important part of general hospital.The standardization and rationality of its design have a very important impact on patients and medical staff.At present,the standards of management and construction of ICU in China are not yet perfect,and relevant researches have not yet formed a system.Therefore,it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the spatial design of ICU.Firstly,the thesis summarizes the development process and related research of ICU design,sorts out and analyzes the relevant literatures,and confirmes the feasibility of studying ICU space.Secondly,the research analyzes the factors that influencing the design of ICU in China and the United States.Including social background,medical security system,users and so on.The aim is to provide the basic evidence for further study.Then,the basic design principles and methods of ICU are summarized by studying the location planning,functional zoning,streamline organization,and functional space design of the ICU.Next,typical hospitals with different layout are selected from a large number of domestic cases to investigate the activities and environmental status of ICU.Through the comparison of recorded data and the analysis of the questionnaire survey results,the correlation between spatial design and behavioral environment can be expounded.And thus we can summarize the spatial layout pattern that is beneficial to the environment and medical care behavior.After that,thirty American and thirty Chinese ICUs are taken as the research objects to make a quantitative analysis from the aspects of unit space layout,ward design,work area design,etc.The purpose is to analyze the ICU design trends of China and the United States and provide a reference for China’s ICU design by making longitudinal comparison.In the end,a horizontal comparison is made between the ICU of China and the United States.Based on the differences between the two countries,this paper summarizes the points that can be learned from the United States,and puts forward the optimization strategies that are in line with China’s national conditions.