Design Of Low Rise Residential Building With Low Heating Consumption In Mongolia

Due to the harsh climate of Mongolia,heating of low rise residential buildings,which accounts for 57%of the total amount of residences,is a serious problem.I recent years,the policy that aims to improve the dwelling condition of low-income people was pursued.It demanded for a huge amount of energy and therefore caused serious air pollution.As a result,the Mongolian government seeking for affordable and environment friendly housing with independent heating system that can be built within short term.Researches on energy efficient building design has been lasted for years.Most of them,however,focused on buildings located in low latitude area,in which cooling rather than heating was regarded as the main problem to solve.This research focused on the optimization design for low-rise residential housing in Mongolia.Design features that affect the heating load,such as orientation,building shape,window size and location are taken into consideration to achieve the goal of economical,comfortable and sustainable.Analysis on cases of residences for single family in Mongolia was firstly conducted to obtain parameters of conventional design,representing by architecture design,thermal performance,HVAC system and environment condition.After that,an archetype model was established to mimic existing characteristics of residential buildings in Mongolia.Based on which,the study assesses the effects and energy saving potentials of multiple passive and active building design features.260 models,containing 12 for orientation factor,98 for building shape,149 varieties for window factor,were tested to find out the optimal designs with the lowest heating energy consumption.The results were also compared with the initial design to determine the extent to which their thermal performance was improved.However,from 2020 all new building in EU and developed countries,all new buildings should be zero net energy,there is no specific aim from Mongolian authority.Today`s IECC regulation stipulates a value49.8 k Btu/ft~2(157.09 k Wh/m~2)per year for site energy,88.65 k Btu/ft~2(279.6 k Wh/m~2)for source energy in climate zone 8.According to the case study of existing building in Mongolia,62%of the total electricity consumed for only heating which means 30.87 Btu/ft2(97.4 k Wh/m~2)for heating by international regulation.In this research shows that the heating consumption can be reduced by up to 6.1%.