Research On The Evolution Of Road Network Morphology Of Modern Residential Districts In Beijing(1949-1998)

The development of the city is a continuous process,and the progress of human social civilization requires learning from history and drawing nourishment from history.Residential areas are an important part of the city’s functional layout.A large number of human social interactions and interpersonal relationships are generated here,and different phases of changes occur along with urban development.This is also the case.The research on the shape of the settlement has continued.The road of the settlement is an important part of the form of the settlement.It not only serves as a material carrier to bear the traffic flow in the settlement,but also a place for public communication.Despite this,the roads of settlements are marginal in previous studies.At the same time,in many studies,subjective judgments from historical perspectives are common,and there is a lack of objective descriptions and cognition of the attributes of the form itself.In addition,the new residential planning concepts and mode transformation have also brought new challenges to residential road planning and design.The acquisition of a good residential environment requires more focus on residential traffic issues.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the evolution of the road network in residential areas.The research of this article can be divided into three parts and eight chapters.The first part is the basic research part,namely the first,second and third chapters of the thesis.First of all,it reviewed the existing research on the residential road network by scholars at home and abroad,compared the concepts of "dwelling area","neighborhood" and "community",and clarified the "dwelling area form" and "dwelling road network form" The relationship between them;Secondly,the research method framework of this paper is established-path structure +,and the composition(geometric form),organization(topological form),composition(level type)measurement indicators of road network morphology research are summarized and integrated.It proposes a detailed quantitative-qualitative analysis of residential areas and evolution from two perspectives: synchronicity and diachronicity;again,it sorts out the development process of Beijing’s residential area construction: starting microphase 1949-1957,twists and turns wandering phase 1958-1977,the stage of stable development 1978-1998,combined with the development process,the Beijing settlements were divided into four main types: neighborhoods,unit courtyards,residential quarters,and closed settlements.On the basis of history,29 sample settlements suitable for this study were selected.The second part is the empirical analysis part,namely the chapters 4,5,and 6 of the thesis.By quantifying the path structure + analysis of each sample settlement chart in three different stages,the quantitative calculation results of each sample settlement are obtained,that is,the composition-the calculated value of the network linear density,areal density,and permeability,and the organization-Relative connectivity,relative depth,relative continuity / regularity,recursion,and heterogeneity calculation values,constitute-T-shaped rate / X-shaped rate calculated value,draw a network triangle chart of the road network path structure in the stage,summarize The evolution of the road network at various stages.Among them,the starting micro-stage 1949-1957 is: gridsemi-grid,the wandering stage 1958-1977 is: half-grid-semi-tributary,and the stable development stage 1978-1998 is: semi-tributary-tributary.In addition,the characteristics of each stage’s morphological evolution were analyzed,including "composition" permeability,"configuration" connectivity / complexity,and "composition" hierarchy.At the same time,it was found in the research that the changes in the shape of the road network are always tortuous.The third part is the summary analysis part,which is the 7th and 8th chapters of the thesis.In Chapter 7,on the one hand,it integrates the phased trends of the road network shape evolution in Chapters 4,5,and 6,and summarizes the overall evolution trend of the road network shape of Beijing’s residential areas from 1949 to 1998 as:grid-half grid The spiral development of the network-end half-tributary-improved tributary,analyzes the overall characteristics of the evolution,and explains the characteristics of the road network morphology type;The dynamic mechanism of the change of the road network in residential areas is discussed at four levels:environmental driving force,external driving force,internal driving force,and basic driving force.Chapter 8 not only summarizes and prospects the research on the evolution of the road network morphology of modern residential areas in Beijing,but also rethinks the current debate on the closure and openness of residential areas and the transformation of old communities.Beijing,as an ancient capital with a history of 3,000 years,reflects the development process of the changes of residential areas in China to a certain extent.This article uses Beijing as a microcosm of the development of residential areas in China,borrowing quantitative and qualitative analysis methods,jumping out of the subjective analysis of morphological types and shackles,combining historical development,combing the evolution trend and characteristics of road network morphology,analyzing its impact mechanism,It confirmed the feasibility of quantitative methods for evolution research,enriched and improved the theoretical system of settlements,left a certain historical data and value,and provided a reference for the construction of settlements in the new era.