Study On Comprehensive Evaluation Of Emergency Evacuation Capacity Of Historical And Cultural Districts Based On ArcGIS

Historical and cultural blocks continue the bright and long historical context of a country,bearing the replacement and development of a city’s history and culture,and its historical and cultural value is inestimable.However,the development of historical and cultural blocks often lags behind,which is separated from urban development,in which the precious historical and cultural resources are old,the pattern of streets and lanes is narrow,and the building structure is unstable,which leads to serious security risks in historical and cultural blocks.Due to the dense population of historical and cultural blocks and weak awareness of disaster prevention,the safety of historical and cultural blocks is often ignored,which has been unable to meet the needs of contemporary public security.Especially in the face of sudden disasters,there is a lack of systematic research on emergency evacuation and refuge in historical and cultural districts.This paper is a comprehensive evaluation and empirical study of emergency evacuation capacity of historical and cultural districts based on ArcGIS.From the perspective of the evaluation of emergency evacuation ability of historical and cultural blocks,this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework of emergency evacuation capacity of historical and cultural blocks based on ArcGIS,and tries to apply the analytic hierarchy process,"1-5 score" scoring method,ArcGIS conversion tool and reclassification tool,and ArcGIS weighted superposition method based on ArcGIS.First of all,through the study of the existing literature related to the safety,disaster prevention and evacuation of historical and cultural districts at home and abroad,the influence factor index of emergency evacuation and refuge ability of historical and cultural districts is preliminarily established,and through expert consultation and questionnaire survey,the influence factors are further checked,revised and adjusted,so as to establish the index system of influence factors of emergency evacuation and refuge capacity in historical and cultural districts.The analytic hierarchy process and the "1-5 score" scoring method are used to calculate the weight value of each level of influence factors and establish the criteria of assignment and scoring.Secondly,based on ArcGIS to create the historical and cultural district emergency evacuation capacity impact factor shapefile file,through ArcGIS conversion tools and reclassification tools to complete the impact factors of the status of data rasterization and reclassification assignment.Then,based on the ArcGIS weighted superposition method,the raster data of the influence factors of emergency evacuation ability of historical and cultural districts after reclassification are weighted and superimposed,and the index interval of emergency evacuation ability of historical and cultural blocks is obtained.Based on the analysis framework of ArcGIS,this paper constructs a comprehensive method framework for evaluating the emergency evacuation ability of historical and cultural blocks,analyzes the emergency evacuation capacity of historical and cultural blocks,and finds out the weak links of emergency evacuation capacity of historical and cultural blocks,so as to form optimization countermeasures and suggestions to improve the emergency evacuation capacity of historical and cultural blocks.Finally,taking the historical and cultural district in the east and southwest of Luoyang as an example,an empirical study is carried out to verify the rationality and feasibility of the comprehensive method framework for evaluating the emergency evacuation and refuge capacity of the historical and cultural district constructed in this paper.Then,it puts forward the conclusions of this paper,as well as the shortcomings and future prospects in this study.