Research On The Impact Of Technical Barriers To Trade On The Export Of Chinese Mechanical And Electrical Products To The European Union

Since China officially joined the WTO in 2001,China-EU bilateral trade has developed rapidly.In 2003,China became the EU’s second-ranked trading partner.The trade volume between China and the EU exceeded US $ 100 billion and achieved a historic breakthrough,reaching US S 125.22 billion.Compared with the China and the EU’s trade volume in 2002,the growth rate was as high as 44.4%.In 2004,the EU expanded eastward and became the world’s largest economy.China and the EU’s trade relations have further developed,with trade volume reaching US $ 177.29 billion.Since then,Trade between China and the EU has experienced a period of rapid growth.Affected by the economic crisis,the growth of China and the EU’s trade volume in 2009 slowed to US $ 412.57 billion.The trade volume between China and the EU has decreased by US $ 62.86 billion compared with 2008.Although the growth rate of China and the EU’s trade volume has slowed,it has maintained steady growth.By 2018,the bilateral trade volume between China and the EU reached a new high,reaching US S 708.63 billion,an increase of 10.6%over 2017.From 2003 to 2018,the EU has become China’s largest trading partner for 1 5 consecutive years.The total export volume of mechanical and electrical products occupies the first place in the total volume of China’s export products,which shows that the trade of mechanical and electrical products occupies an important position in China’s export trade and is an extremely important part of China and the EU bilateral trade.In 2018,the EU’s import trade volume of China’s mechanical and electrical products reached US $ 234.35 billion,but there are still many problems in China and the EU mechanical and electrical trade,the most notable problem is the excessive trade surplus of China’s mechanical and electrical products.In order to reverse the long-term deficit trade position and protect the development of the domestic market and related industries,the EU has actively adopted more diversified and rational trade measures to restrict the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products.In the process of China-EU trade,the EU’s trade deficit continued to expand.After the European debt crisis in 2009,trade protectionism recovered in the EU,making the EU’s trade policy toward China gradually tougher.The EU has successively introduced a series of technical trade barriers to restrict foreign products from entering the domestic market.Especially in the past 10 years,the EU has taken technical trade barriers as a new means of trade protection,using its mandatory and compliance features to restrict the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products to the EU market.Compared with other non-tariff barriers,technical barriers to trade are more targeted and direct,causing a lot of losses to the export of China’s mechanical and electrical enterprises and becoming the main factor affecting the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products.This article is divided into five parts:The first part is the introduction.Briefly explain the background and research significance of the article,and analyze and summarize the relevant literatures of scholars at home and abroad about the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products to the EU,the impact of technical trade barriers on the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products,then put forw ard the innovations and deficiencies of this paper.The second part is related to concepts and theoretical basis.First,the concept of technical barriers to trade was defined,and the development process and manifestations of technical barriers to trade in the EU were introduced.Secondly,it elaborates the theory which is compatible with the research of this thesis in international trade theory and trade protectionism theory,so as to lay the theoretical foundation for the viewpoint of this article.The third part is the status of technical barriers to trade in the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products to the EU.First of all,the current situation of China’s export of mechanical and electrical products to the EU is analyzed from three aspects of trade scale,product structure and market structure,and the second is to analyze the current situation of technical barriers to trade in the export of China’s mechanical and electrical products to the EU.The fourth part is the empirical analysis.Through the establishment of a trade gravity model,an empirical test was conducted on the impact of the EU technical trade barriers on China’s mechanical and electrical products,and the results were drawn.At this stage,the EU technical trade barriers will have a negative impact on China’s mechanical and electrical products exports and give China’s mechanical and electrical products exports.It has caused losses to China’s export of mechanical and electrical products.The fifth part is the inspiration part.Finally,by analyzing the empirical results and further combining the actual situation in China,a strategy for China’s export of mechanical and electrical products to address the EU technical barriers to trade is proposed.The innovations of this article include the following two points.First,from a research perspective,Lall divides all products into four types:resource-dependent products,low-tech products,intermediate-tech products,and high-tech products.Based on the classification,the mechanical and electrical products are classified into labor-intensive products and capital technology-intensive products for research and analysis,and the impact of the EU technical trade barriers on China’s mechanical and electrical products exports is analyzed from the perspective of product heterogeneity.Secondly.in the empirical analysis,the mechanical and electrical products exported from China to the EU are sub-sampled,and the results of labor-intensive mechanical and electrical products are compared with those of capital-technology-intensive mechanical and electrical products.Since China’s mechanical and electrical industry is an important industry for direct investment of the EU countries in China,the export trade of China’s mechanical and electrical products may be affected by the FDI of the EU countries.Therefore,when conducting the robustness test,the FDI of the EU countries will be deleted for regression analysis.The factors that may affect the export of mechanical and electrical products minimize the error of the actual results of the actual trade situation,and ensure the reliability and robustness of the empirical results.