A Comparative Study Of Jiangnan Bureaucratic Literati Garden And Confucian Merchant Garden In The Late Qingand Early Republic Of China

The end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China was a special period in the history of China in which political,economic,and cultural reforms were faced.The development of all parties revolved around a "change".During this period,Jiangnan gardens were also dismantled and reconstructed due to social and cultural changes,and they gradually transitioned from traditional gardens to modernization.Bureaucratic literati and local Confucian merchants were the mainstream of the two major garden-making at that time.They adopted different attitudes and choices in the treatment of heterogeneous culture and put them into practice in the garden.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China,there were more diversified characteristics.In this thesis,three gardens including Changyuan Garden,Heyuan Garden and Tuisi Garden are selected as representatives of the bureaucratic literati garden in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period.Representative,trying to look at the gardening trend in the special historical period from the late Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China from the dual perspectives of bureaucrats,scholars and Confucian businessmen,and systematically analyze the gardening purpose and pursuit,space composition and gardening elements by parallel comparison Their respective gardening characteristics and values of the times.The bureaucratic literati garden,as a sing-along of classical Chinese garden art in the late Qing Dynasty,has a certain "Rococo oriental" style meaning.It is a great collection of traditional Chinese gardening principles.Although the tight composite space layout model has certain scales out of control and piled up It is cumbersome,and it has certain reference significance for how to deal with the connection and transformation of multiple scene spaces in today’s high-density residential environment.Confucian gardens are still immature as an early attempt to integrate with western culture,but it The presented macro layout consciousness of urban gardening and the ideological tendency of equalization and publicization have certain advanced nature,which has some reference for the modern open space design of modern gardens.