On The Document And Literature Of The Jiangnan Gardens In The Qing Dynasty

"Garden villa" is a general term that encompasses all ancient garden buildings.Among the various architectural types,it can best reflect the meaning of ancient scholars as a spiritual space,and it also has the most literary and aesthetic value.Jiangnan is known as the best in the world for its famous garden villas,and it is also a documentary Olympic area.Therefore,there was the Qing Dynasty,and the compilation and compilation of garden villas literature became a grand sight.These garden manuscripts are not only scattered in the collection of poems and essays,but also relatively neat documents compiled according to a certain style.There were profound social and cultural reasons for the prosperity of Jiangnan garden villa literature in Qing Dynasty.The long history of gardening in the south of the Yangtze River,the mature garden paradigm,and the prosperity of gardens and villas brought about by economic prosperity are the material and cultural foundations for the compilation of gardens and villas.The harmonious humanistic environment of Jiangnan Bohan and the strong locality complex of literati,its conscious transmission and construction of regional culture featuring garden culture are the inner spiritual driving force for the compilation of garden and villa documents.The well-developed book-carving industry and complete book collection system in the south of the Yangtze River provide a guarantee for the preservation of the Yuanshu literature.On this basis,the Jiangnan Yuanshu literature presents the appearance of mutual understanding of literature and history,equal emphasis on retrospect and discussion,coexistence of compilation and prose,and the participation of local and foreign scholars in the compilation.According to the different contents and styles of the Qing Dynasty Jiangnan garden villa literature,it can be roughly divided into four types:examination,art and literature,garden history,and gardening.Among them,the entrance examination category is to summarize various information of the garden,such as the current situation,the cause and revolution,etc.,with simple words,or quotation of poems and essays as the basis for the research.Literati’s notes,local chronicles,genre books,etc.are often described in the form of examinations,such as the "Garden and Villa Records" in the local chronicles,which usually records the summaries of the gardens and villas of the past dynasties in a region,which can be called a "Garden and Villa History".The art and literature category focuses on the collection of poems and essays related to gardens,or attached to local collections,such as the category of "Di Zhai Garden" in "Wu Jun Wen Compilation";or published in a separate edition,such as "Yangzhou East Garden",etc..Most of the selected essays have certain standards,either focusing on literary rhetoric,or focusing on collecting style.Garden Chronicles are records of gardens,generally including garden villa textual research and art collection,with miscellaneous records in between.It has a relatively fixed style and compilation mode,and is the most detailed information for understanding a garden villa.literature.Gardening is mainly a type of literature discussing gardening techniques.Although there were no systematic monographs on gardening in the Qing Dynasty,there were no shortage of essential insights;and because of the literati characteristics of classical gardens,the gardening theories were mostly expounded by literati and scattered in their collections of poems,such as Broken Brocade and Solitary Clouds.There are gains from time to time.Although the four types of documents have their own emphasis,on the whole,they jointly constitute the characteristics of Jiangnan garden and villa culture.On the one hand,the garden villa literature compiles the best of Huili’s words and continues the Jiangnan context;on the other hand,it follows a certain compilation concept and injects a deeper sense of history and humanistic feelings into the literature.Since Li Gefei in the Northern Song Dynasty put forward the viewpoint of "Luoyang’s prosperity and decline,waiting for the abandonment of gardens" in the Northern Song Dynasty,literati and scholars have linked the prosperity and decline of gardens and villas with the prosperity and decline of the world in order to express their feelings about history.At the same time,literati usually adhere to the principle of "people in the garden" when composing the gardens and villas,and use the writings of the gardens to convey the predecessor’s order of virtue.This makes the garden villa literature no longer merely a documentary material for recording the garden villa,but also a text carrier for conveying culture.There is also a close relationship between the garden manuscripts and the historical environment where the authors are located.When the society is stable,the literati garden mainly focuses on daily life,and its contemplation and writing on the garden often have a poetic vision,and activities such as gatherings,associations,and chanting are repeated.For example,Yuan Mei,an old man from Suiyuan,who was born in Chengping,used a picture of "Suiyuan Elegant Collection" to chant for more than 30 years.Many famous literati in Qianjia period had poetry inscribed.Yuan Mei compiled it into a compilation,like a concise and concise history of Qianjia poems.The opposite of daily life is "event".Major events in the south of the Yangtze River during the Qing Dynasty,such as the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Southern Tour of the Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong,and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement,all had a major impact on the garden.Garden villas are flourishing and declining in the changes of current affairs.For example,during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement,the tragic war caused a lot of destruction of the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River.However,the heavenly officials at all levels,especially the kings,also built a considerable number of government offices or palaces,and formed a garden style different from that of the Qing Dynasty.There are two other special styles in the garden manuscripts.The first is the couplet,its short art form usually has the artistic effect of concise and expressive,short and distant,adding to the poetic beauty of the garden.One is the garden on paper.As a kind of spatial imagination,it breaks the boundary between the real and the virtual in the garden and focuses on expressing the psychology of the literati.These two types of styles,one posted on the yakuza pillars of the garden and the other existed in the imagination of the literati,are both the display of the spirit of the garden,which fully expresses the beauty of the garden and the temperament of the literati.Generally speaking,the writing and compiling of Jiangnan garden villa documents in the Qing Dynasty is a relatively significant cultural phenomenon.Literati is not only the main body of document compilation,collecting all kinds of information about the garden and villa,but also the object to be written.The literati’s elegant collection and singing have also become important contents in the document of the garden and villa.Therefore,in terms of academic value,the Qing Dynasty Jiangnan Garden Villa literature has both historical and literary value,and at the same time contains philosophy,aesthetics,gardening and other content;through systematic research and arrangement,it can provide a certain degree for various disciplines.The support of historical materials also has a certain expansion significance for the study of Qing Dynasty literature.