Research On The Impact Of Urban Physical Environment On Crime And Crime Prevention Strategy Through Urban Space Improvement ——A Case Study Of The Main Area Of Hefei

Crime is a complex urban phenomenon that has been influenced by multiple factors.It is the most serious urban problems that does harm to the stable of the society and the healthy development of the city.Any crime takes place in a specific environment,and the characteristics of the environment are the important factors that explain the generation of criminal activity,and the heterogeneity of the urban physical environment leads to the uneven distribution of urban crime.Therefore,based on the understanding of the impact of urban physical environment on criminal behavior,integrating the control of high crime areas into urban planning and management is of great significance to crime prevention.Based on the theoretical and practical researches on crime and urban physical environment at home and abroad,this article extracts more than ten environmental factors at four levels: background factors,connection factors,aggregation factors,and perception factors from related theories of environmental criminology,and establishes a crime risk evaluation system that includes a series of elements from macro geographic elements to micro landscape elements,in order to analyze the causes of criminal activity from the perspective of environmental characteristics.First,this research takes the robbery and theft crimes in 2017 as the research object,and studies the pattern of the spatial and temporal distribution of crime in the main area of Hefei.With the help of Kernel Density analysis in Arc GIS,the paper reveals the characteristics of crime distribution: multiple crime hot spots appear in cities,the crime density decreases from the city center to the periphery.Second,the research area is divided into several research grids with an average block size,the article uses the geographic weighted regression method to evaluate the correlation between the crime and the urban physical environment elements,which include the location,land diversity,residential land use ratio,and business land use ratio,road integration,road mean depth,catering facilities,shopping facilities,medical facilities,transportation facilities,and plot ratio.Based on the coefficients calculated by geographic weighted regression,the paper establishes a crime risk evaluation system,which can be used to predict the potential crime area within the city.This crime prediction method can be applied to different cities or regions,and it is efficient to predict the crime hotspots and the causes of them.Finally,the article proposes the urban security assessment method and urban space improvement strategies on the basis of clarifying the relationship between urban physical environment and criminal behavior,to find out a feasible way to diagnose urban crime areas and then implement crime prevention methods.This paper combines the discipline of crime prevention with urban planning,seeks to identify the way that environmental factors affect the incidence of crime and finds out multi-disciplinary approaches to prevent criminal behavior through the improvement of urban space.