Study On The Evaluation Index System Of Community Co-management Effectiveness Of Nature Reserves From The Perspective Of Farmers ——Taking Tangjiahe And Baishuijiang National Nature Reserves As An Example

The nature reserve is an area with rich biodiversity and concentrated ecological resources.Most of the community residents around the reserve are farmers engaged in agricultural production.At the initial stage of the establishment of nature reserves in China,the resource management and protection model led by the government is the main one.The strict "top-down" control limits the use of natural resources by farmers in surrounding communities,and ignores the needs of community farmers for livelihood development to a certain extent,which leads to the increasing contradiction between resource protection in nature reserves and farmers’ livelihood development.In the 1970 s and 1980 s,China’s nature reserves introduced the concept of "community co management" from abroad.This new management and protection model emphasizes "people-oriented" and encourages the participation of multiple subjects.In particular,it encourages farmers in surrounding communities to actively participate in the collaborative natural resource management,so that local farmers can make rational use of natural resources and jointly manage and protect natural resources.This is a collaborative process for the joint management of natural resources between nature reserves and local community farmers,which is fair and democratic.Community co management has gradually changed the role of nature reserves from managers to collaborators,driven the economic development of communities,and alleviated the contradiction between nature reserves and farmers to a certain extent.Community co management not only reduces the management and protection cost of the reserve and improves the protection effect,but also takes into account the protection of natural resources and the realization of the value of ecological products.It is a win-win management model.Community co management has taken root in China and formed a fission development.However,the current situation of community co management in protected areas and the bottlenecks encountered are not clear.It is necessary to build a set of community co management performance evaluation index system to evaluate its current situation.At present,foreign scholars only regard community co management as an additional index in the systematic evaluation index system of reserve management effectiveness in the research on the comprehensive evaluation of reserve management effectiveness.Due to the short development time of community co management in China,the theory and practical experience are insufficient.After reading a large number of materials,the author found that there are relatively few studies on the performance evaluation of community co management by domestic scholars,and there is no systematic and professional performance evaluation system on the maturity and authority of community co management for reference.In addition,due to the differences in national conditions and resource endowments of various countries,completely copying the foreign index system to evaluate the performance of community co management of domestic protected areas is prone to "acclimatization",and there may be large deviation in the calculation results.Moreover,experts and scholars at home and abroad are still exploring the index setting,scoring standards and data quantitative analysis methods for evaluating the performance evaluation of community co management.Therefore,it is very necessary to build a set of scientific and reasonable performance evaluation index system that is in line with China and only for community co management.At the same time,performance evaluation has guiding significance for the improvement of community co management system and the development direction of co management in the future.Farmers are one of the important participants in community co management.From the perspective of representative farmers,the author tries to explore and build a set of performance evaluation system of community co management,let farmers,as the evaluation subject of community co management,evaluate the performance of community co management in the reserve at the present stage,and record farmers’ understanding and future needs of community co management with the method of participatory research.The research sample area is selected from two national nature reserves,Baishui River in Gansu Province and Tangjiahe River in Sichuan Province.A total of 260 valid questionnaires are collected,and the data are processed quantitatively.The data of the two regions are compared and analyzed.In terms of data analysis methods,the author has successively used entropy weight method,factor analysis method and analytic hierarchy process,and the measurement results are not very ideal.Finally,the critical objective assignment method is selected to quantify the data,which is consistent with the index system constructed.The final result is the same as that obtained by other experts from different perspectives and methods,which proves the rationality of the index system constructed by the author from the perspective of farmers.Through the performance evaluation of the community co management index system,we can summarize what problems appear in the current co management work,which provides a reference and guiding scheme for the reasonable and effective development of the future work of community co management and the exchange of community co management experience among various protected areas.