Impacts Of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" On The Sustainable Development Of The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

From 2011 to 2013,compound haze pollution with extremely high pollution levels repeatedly enveloped North China and Central and Eastern China.In order to solve the problem of smog,in September 2013,China issued the "Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan"(referred to as "Ten Atmospheric Policies"),the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as the key areas of policy implementation exceeded the policy goals in 2017."Ten Atmospheric Policies" has a complex impact on the regional environmental,economic and social systems.Analyzing the policy impact of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" is of great significance to the theory and practice of promoting regional sustainable development.Based on the theory of sustainable development,taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a case area,this study used Tapio decoupling model and coupling coordination model to explore the evolution of the relationship between the economic development and resources as well as environment in time and space dimensions;based on econometric model and PSR model,the driving factors of decoupling and coupled coordinated development were analyzed,focusing on the differential impact mechanism of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on the sustainable development of different types of cities.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The Beijing-Tianjin–Hebei region achieved a strong decoupling of resources,environment and economic development in 2016,but the decoupling status of the total industrial energy consumption is still poor.(2)The most important promotion factor for the decoupling of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the "Ten Atmospheric Policies",followed by conventional environmental regulations and technological effects;the proportion of secondary production,education level,and foreign investment amount have an inhibitory effect on decoupling.(3)The driving factors of decoupling in different types of cities are different.Beijing’s conventional environmental regulations are vigorous,with significant technical effects,reasonable industrial structure,early decoupling,and stable conditions.And the impact of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on Beijing’s decoupling is not significant.The most significant driving factors for the decoupling of the industrial and ecological cities are "Ten Atmospheric Policies",followed by technological effects,and the impact of conventional environmental regulations is small;the proportion of secondary production and economic agglomeration inhibit decoupling.(4)The energy-environment-economic system in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still on the verge of imbalance.Among the various subsystems,the coordination of the energy-economic system is the worst,which restricts sustainable development.At the city level,Beijing and industrial cities with higher levels of economic development have better coordination,while the remaining cities have poorer coordination.(5)During the implementation of "Ten Atmospheric Policies",policy responses such as mandatory environmental regulation,energy structure adjustment,and technological innovation significantly reduced the resource and environmental pressures in the Beijing-Tianjin–Hebei region,and improved the quality of the atmospheric environment.The economic incentive and informal environmental regulations are weaker.At the city level,there is a significant gap in pollution prevention performance between Beijing,Tianjin and other cities.The economically backward industrial cities have lower policy responsiveness and greater pressure on resources and the environment.Based on the above research conclusions,the following policy recommendations are proposed to further promote the sustainable development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: promote the total energy consumption control;use Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as a pilot area to establish pollution emission rights and energy rights trading systems;and differentiated environmental management for different types of cities.