Research On The Coordination Differences Between Water Footprint And Urban Development In The Urban Agglomeration Of The Yellow River Basin Towards Sustainable Development Goal 6 And 11

"The city is determined by water,the land is determined by water,the people are determined by water,and the production is determined by water" indicates that water resources have become the biggest rigid constraint for the development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin.With the continuous advancement of urbanization and industrialization,and the rapid development of resource based industries,the uneven utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Basin has led to the increasingly dominant contradiction between supply and demand and water environmental risks in urban agglomerations,exposing the coercive issue between the aquatic environment in the basin and the development of urban agglomerations,which is not conducive to the implementation of high-quality development strategies.After the United Nations Summit put forward the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for the purpose of improving human well-being,the relationship between SDGs sub-goals and their role in achieving sustainable development have been widely discussed in international research.To call for scholars to conduct research on international SDGs,the Chinese government has also made a positive response and included the sustainable development agenda in the 14th Five Year Plan.In the context of addressing global climate change,SDGs express the vision set by human beings for future development,which organically links sustainable development with the adaptive capacity of urban agglomeration.SDG11 is a comprehensive evaluation requirement for urban sustainable development,while SDG6 is a standard requirement for sustainable water use,playing an important role in urban research and water resource utilization.Using SDG11 for reference to improve the urban development index(CDI)and contacting SDG6 will help to better evaluate the level of urban sustainable development.The water footprint(WF)and CDI are used to characterize the water resources utilization and urban development level of the Yellow River basin respectively,which is conducive to describing the spatial development stage of urban agglomeration.However,at present,the CDI evaluation system still needs to be improved in comparison with SDG11.This study uses SDG11 to improve CDI,discusses the coupling and coordination of WF and CDI,describes the relationship between social development and water resources utilization of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin according to SDG6,and uses Theil variation index to reveal the mechanism of spatial differences on the coupling and coordination relationship,providing new ideas for exploring the coordination mechanism of water resources ecological protection and high-quality development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin.The interaction between water resources utilization and urban development in urban agglomerations in the Yellow River basin is the key to the high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the basin.It is urgent to explore the coupling and coordination relationship between the two under the goal of sustainable development.Taking 72 cities and five urban agglomerations in the Yellow River basin as the research object,the paper establishes the analysis framework of the coupling of water footprint and urban development index and the difference of water resources utilization between 2010 and 2021,and explains the realization mechanism of SDGs in urban agglomerations in the basin.The results show that the overall WF of the Yellow River basin shows a fluctuating downward trend,with a decrease of 2.68%.The WF of Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration,Hubao Eyu Urban Agglomeration,Lan-Xi Urban Agglomeration,Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration and Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration decreased by 0.27%,0.88%,-3.38%,1.22%and 4.62%respectively.The overall CDI of the river basin showed a slow growth trend,with an increase of 9.05%.The CDI increases of Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration,Hubao Eyu Urban Agglomeration,Lan-Xi Urban Agglomeration,Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomeration and Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration were 9.09%,7.44%,15.77%,4.95%and 8.85%respectively.The coupling relationship showed a fluctuating growth trend of "Rise-Fall-Rise",from 0.339 to 0.784,and finally reached the level of intermediate coordination.The analysis result of Theil variation index is fluctuating,rising from 0.2280 in 2010 to 0.2613,an increase of 14.61%,indicating that the change of overall WF has also made the difference between the development levels of urban agglomeration larger.The difference of urban water resources utilization level in urban agglomeration is the main reason for the difference of development level,and the coordination relationship between water resources utilization and urban development is significantly different in different stages of urban agglomeration development,which shows that the policy of regulating water resources utilization in urban agglomeration is effective for the high-quality development of urban agglomeration in the basin.Compared with SDGs,policy suggestions such as improving the supporting mechanism of ecological compensation for urban agglomeration development,building a coordinated and co governance system for cross regional urban agglomeration development,scientifically planning the utilization of water resources in urban agglomeration,promoting the restoration and governance of aquatic environment,accelerating the integrated development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin,and deepening the coordinated development model of "Water-City" in the Yellow River basin were put forward.This study provides a scientific basis for the high-quality development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin facing SDGs.