The Impact Of Government Subsidies On Green Innovation And Emission Reduction

China has put forward the international commitment that "carbon emissions per unit GDP in 2030 will be reduced by 65%on the basis of 2005,carbon dioxide emissions will strive to reach the peak by 2030,and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060",which puts forward an urgent demand for the construction of China’s green innovation incentive environment,and hopes it to achieve technological upgrade and further achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction.At present,the main way to achieve public goals in China is to give enterprises policy incentives such as tax incentives and R&D subsidies,but the effect and efficiency of each are still controversial.Under the current national "carbon emission reduction"commitment and "tight budget" arrangement,the research on the effectiveness of environmental governance and the efficiency of fiscal and tax utilization are of great significance.Based on this,this paper explores how government subsidies should be set to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction efficiently.Firstly,a multi-agent model of carbon emission market is established.Through numerical simulation experiments,the behavior of carbon emission reduction enterprises pursuing accounting profit and having account mechanism in the market is investigated,and then the influences of two kinds of government subsidies on the effectiveness of carbon emission reduction is studied.After proving that the productivity improvement brought by green innovation is an effective way to carbon emission reduction,we continue to explore how to make green innovation develop rapidly.Furthermore,a stochastic evolutionary dynamic symmetric game model based on BA scale-free network model is established to describe the green innovation behavior strategy of micro enterprises,and how to encourage green innovation by government subsidies is studied to achieve carbon emission reduction effectively.Finally,this paper discusses and reflects on the practical problems existing in related fields in China,and puts forward the research prospects.The results show that:compared with the economic stimulus brought by tax incentives,the productivity improvement brought by green innovation promoted by innovation subsidies can better promote the carbon emission reduction of enterprises.However,there is threshold and optimal range for innovation subsidies to promote carbon emission reduction.The subsidy intensity below the threshold is invalid,and excessive subsidies will distort the market logic.Moreover,even if the incentive setting is reasonable,it will take some time for micro enterprises to evolve to the expected results.At the same time,although the role of green innovation in emission reduction is obvious,it is usually difficult for enterprises to spontaneously carry out green innovation,and the government’s incentive to green innovation is also easy to fail.Therefore,only the government subsidies which are set reasonable can make up for the economic losses caused by enterprises’ innovative behavior,make green innovation a dominant strategy,and make enterprises choose innovation to reduce carbon emissions.And when green innovation is in the two-stage prisoner’s dilemma,the government’s differentiated incentives for innovative enterprises with outstanding contributions can improve the efficiency of government subsidies and achieve carbon emission reduction goals with less government budget.Finally,non-economic variables will also affect the effect of incentives,such as whether enterprises have environmental awareness and whether the relationship between enterprises is close,etc.So far,the most efficient way of using government subsidies to achieve carbon emission reduction under this framework is obtained:government subsidies should be differentiated to encourage green innovation,so as to get rid of the prisoner’s dilemma,and finally reduce carbon emissions through the productivity improvement brought by green technology innovation.