Spatiotemporal Changes Of Landscape Pattern And Ecosystem Services In Guiyang City

The study on the law of urban evolution and the changing trend of landscape pattern is an important content in the field of urban sustainable development.With the development of urbanization,the pattern of urban landscape has changed,which in turn has an important impact on urban landscape ecological services.In recent years,with the rapid development of social economy and the construction of ecological civilization demonstration city in Guiyang,the landscape pattern of Guiyang has changed dramatically.But what is the coupling relationship between landscape pattern and urban landscape ecosystem services?What are the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services?These scientific questions remain unanswered.Therefore,this study takes Guiyang,a typical karst mountain city as the research object,and systematically analyzes the landscape types of Guiyang from 1995 to 2019 based on theories and technical methods of landscape ecology,remote sensing and GIS spatial information technology,geostatistics,and mathematical statistics.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes and the driving factors that cause landscape fragmentation;the In VEST model is used to evaluate the four ecosystem service functions of the study area,including habitat quality,carbon storage,water conservation and soil conservation,and use the analysis of cold and hot spots to reveal The characteristics of the temporal and spatial differentiation of different ecosystem services are analyzed;the Logistic-CA-Markov model is used to simulate the future landscape of Guiyang,analyze the development trend of the urban landscape pattern of Guiyang,and reveal the trend of future ecosystem service simulation.Using correlation analysis methods,the trade-offs and synergies among the four ecosystem services are explored;the main research results are as follows:(1)The dynamic change of landscape types in Guiyang is obvious,the general trend of change is "two increase and three decrease".the increase of urban construction land and woodland,while the decrease of grassland,arable land and other land.The increase in woodland is mainly due to the occupation of grassland,arable land and other land areas.Urban development mainly depends on the occupation of woodland,other land and arable land,so the construction land is mainly net transferred during the study period.(2)The selected landscape indices in this study have obvious responses to the changes of spatial granularity and amplitude.Combined with the characteristics and selection principles of the study area,the optimal spatial granularity of 90 m Guiyang was finally selected,and 1000 m was taken as the optimal spatial amplitude.Based on the optimal landscape scale,the landscape fragmentation in Guiyang was serious during the study period,but it showed a slowing trend.The landscape richness decreased,the spatial connectivity of the internal dominant landscape increased,the landscape edge shape tended to be regular,and the degree of human disturbance increased.The driving factors of landscape fragmentation are mainly caused by human factors,among which GDP and the distance from construction land are the main influencing factors.Among natural factors,it is mainly affected by elevation and slope.(3)From 1995 to 2019,the four ecosystem services in Guiyang showed obvious spatial differentiation characteristics,with some increase and loss.Water conservation increased on the whole and gradually decreased from south to north in space.The total carbon storage increased year by year,and the carbon storage in built-up areas gradually turned to a low value.The quality of habitat showed a trend of improvement on the whole,and the habitat quality was better in the areas with higher vegetation coverage.The variation of soil conservation fluctuated greatly,and the low value area was mainly in the area of construction land and cultivated land,while the high value area was concentrated in the area of high vegetation cover with less human disturbance.The ecosystem service values of different landscape types varied with years.Forest land and cultivated land all contributed more to each ecosystem service value,while construction land and other land all contributed less to each ecosystem service value.(4)From 1995 to 2019,there are obvious trade-offs or coordination between ecosystem services.Among them,there was a synergistic relationship between carbon storage and habitat quality/carbon storage,and between habitat quality and soil conservation services,while there was a trade-off relationship between water conservation and carbon storage/habitat quality services.From 1995 to 2000,there was a synergistic relationship between soil conservation and water conservation,and then a trade-off relationship.From 1995 to 2019,the degree of trade-off between soil conservation and habitat quality/carbon stock services increased,while the degree of trade-off between carbon stock and habitat quality services weakened,and there was one side with relative benefits.There was a synergistic relationship between habitat quality and soil conservation/carbon storage services in forestland.Forestland had a large carbon pool,strong soil conservation function,and better habitat quality.(5)The area of construction land in Guiyang is predicted to increase significantly in 2030,with a growth rate of 11.17% compared with that in 2019.Except for construction land,the area of the other five landscape types decreased,but the main landscape types were still woodland and cultivated land,which decreased by 6.52% and 2.37%,respectively.Spatially,with the development of urbanization,construction land increases rapidly and expands significantly around the built-up areas.The forestland decreased in the east and west of the study area.In 2030,the services of soil conservation,water conservation,habitat quality and carbon storage all declined,among which,the ecosystem service values of forest land all showed a downward trend,while the carbon storage and water conservation functions of cultivated land increased.In 2030,there was a synergistic relationship between habitat quality and carbon storage/soil conservation services,and the synergistic relationship was stronger than that in 2019.There is a trade-off between water conservation and carbon storage/habitat quality/soil conservation services.