Study On The Trade-off And Synergy And Driving Factors Of Key Ecosystem Service In Xinjiang

Global climate change and intensified human activities have had a severe impact on ecosystems,leading to the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation,posing a huge challenge to the sustainable development of human society.The ecosystem in Xinjiang is complex and diverse,with abundant animal and plant species.However,it is also affected by various factors such as climate change,human activities,and natural disasters,posing a huge threat to biodiversity and ecological environment.Therefore,we urgently need to take measures to promote the coordinated development of ecosystem services,and a deep understanding of the trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services and the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem service drivers is of great guiding significance for maintaining biodiversity and the synergy of ecosystem services in Xinjiang.In this study,the In VEST model and RWEQ model were used to quantitatively evaluate the quality of four key ecosystem services in Xinjiang in the past 20 years(2000—2020s),including carbon storage,habitat quality,sand fixation and water yield.And use the method of spatiotemporal comparison to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of four key ecosystem services.The Spearman rank correlation coefficient method was used to analyze the trade-off and synergy between the four key ecosystem services on the level of animal and plant species richness.Then identified ecosystem services hotspots in Xinjiang,and used the multi-scale geographical weighted regression(MGWR)model to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the driving factors of ecosystem services at the county level from climate,terrain,society and other aspects,which provided a useful reference for formulation differentiated ecological protection policies.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the past 20 years,the spatial distribution pattern of carbon storage,habitat quality,sand fixation,and water yield services in Xinjiang has remained consistent,showing a high distribution pattern in the north and low distribution pattern in the south.In terms of time series changes,carbon storage and sand fixation services in Xinjiang showed an increasing trend,while habitat quality showed a decreasing trend,and water yield first increased and then decreased in Xinjiang.The synergy between carbon storage and habitat quality,sand fixation,water yield,and habitat quality and water yield services showed mutual gain,among which synergies between carbon storage and habitat quality were the strongest.The relationship between sand fixation and water yield changes with time,and there has been a trade-off between habitat quality and sand fixation.(2)As the richness level of animal species increases,there are significant differences in ecosystem service capabilities.In areas with high abundance of animal species,the average annual carbon storage per unit area,habitat quality,and water yield services have reached the highest level,while at lower levels,the average annual unit area has the highest ability to fixation sand.As the richness of plant species increases,carbon storage,habitat quality and water yield show a gradual increase trend.In the middle and upper levels of plant species richness,the average unit area of fixation sand is the highest for many years.The trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services in Xinjiang varied at different levels of species richness.Carbon storage and habitat quality presented a synergy,while other services had complex relationships.Overall,relationships between ecosystem services have the strongest correlation at the medium,higher,and high levels of species richness,indicating that higher species richness on a large scale can promote the functioning of ecosystem services through a series of ecological processes and coordinate the relationship between various ecosystem services.(3)The hotspots of carbon storage,habitat quality,sand fixation and water production services are mainly located in the north of Xinjiang,while the coldspots are located in the south of Xinjiang.The number of multiple service hotspots in counties is ranked as: 3 service hotspots>2 service hotspots>1 service hotspots>4 service hotspots.In general,the ecological environment in most areas of southern Xinjiang is very severe,and the capacity of ecosystem services in these areas is low.In the future,comprehensive treatment should be carried out and a variety of ecosystem services should be promoted.(4)There are significant differences in the type,intensity,and direction of ecosystem service drivers across counties,and the impact of drivers on ecosystem services varies depending on spatial distribution.Carbon storage is mainly affected by fractional vegetation cover and precipitation,with a stronger impact in southern Xinjiang.Habitat quality has a strong correlation with fractional vegetation cover and precipitation,with the correlation between habitat quality and fractional vegetation cover gradually increasing from north to south,and the relationship between habitat quality and precipitation gradually increasing from west to east.The correlation between sand fixation and precipitation presents strong heterogeneity,and the correlation between population density and the percentage of construction land and sand fixation is generally stable.