| Rocky desertification and poverty are the two major limiting factors to realize the strategy of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in karst.It is important to consolidate the effectiveness of rocky desertification control and poverty reduction.To understand the coupling mechanism of karst rocky desertification and poverty,promote coordinated management of rocky desertification and poverty are the key to achieve sustainability development in karst.The reduction mechanism of rocky desertification governance and the development demands of farmers are not clear,and it is difficult to guide the practice of rocky desertification governance in the new period.Guizhou,which represents the overall karst environment structure in southern China,we selected karst plateau-mountain,plateau-canyon and plateau trough valley as the study area.Taking the village as the research unit,the spatial hot spot analysis,geographic detector model,correlation analysis and coupling degree model are comprehensively used to reveal the formation mechanism and coupling degree of rocky desertification and poverty in different karst landform types.Taking Shibing,Salaxi and Huajiang rocky desertification comprehensive management demonstration areas,which represent non potential rocky desertification,potential mild rocky desertification and moderate intensity rocky desertification environment,analyzes the effectiveness of rocky desertification control and poverty alleviation from 2015 to2020,summarizes the collaborative governance mechanism of rocky desertification and poverty by using A-F method and structural interview,and calculates the relative poverty degree of farmers.According to the demands of farmers in the general demonstration area,this paper puts forward the countermeasures of coordinated governance of rocky desertification and poverty in the new period.This paper systematically reveals the formation mechanism and coupling mechanism of rocky desertification and regional poverty,and the collaborative governance mechanism of rocky desertification and regional poverty under the multi-scale of "region village household" and different karst landform types,to guide the practice of rocky desertification governance in the new period.(1)The main influencing factors of the scale of village rocky desertification in karst areas are: annual average precipitation,average slope and per capita cultivated land area,the driving factors and process of the scale of village rocky desertification vary with the karst landform types.The average incidence of rocky desertification in the valley area of karst plateau is 13.49%,in the mountain area is 23.22%,and in the gorge is 38.38%.The determinant q values of annual average precipitation,average slope and per capita cultivated land area in the study area are 0.21,0.14 and 0.12,respectively.The q value of interaction between the annual average precipitation and the average slope is the largest,which is 0.4.The determinant q values of land surface undulation,average slope,forest coverage and per capita net income of villages in trough valley area of Karst Plateau were 0.32,0.15,0.14 and 0.14,respectively,showing a significant negative correlation.The q values of river network density and per capita cultivated land area are 0.15 and 0.12,respectively.There is a negative correlation between river network density factor and rocky desertification scale,and a positive correlation between per capita cultivated land area factor and rocky desertification scale.The determinant q values of average slope,soil erosion rate,average altitude and per capita cultivated land area in Karst Plateau gorge area were0.31,0.3,0.28 and 0.23,respectively.The results show that the slope and altitude factors are significantly positively correlated with the scale of rocky desertification,and the soil erosion rate and per capita cultivated land area are significantly negatively correlated.(2)The main influencing factors of village poverty in karst areas are: GDP,average altitude,cultivated land proportion and radio and television rate of counties where administrative villages belong.The driving factors of different karst landform types are different.In 2015,the average incidence of poverty was 27.97% in the valley,16.10% in the mountain and 29.24% in the gorge.By 2018,thekarst plateau trough area is 2.08,the plateau mountain area is 4.69,and the plateau canyon area is9.52.From the perspective of influencing factors of village poverty incidence in 2015,the determinant q values of GDP,average altitude,cultivated land proportion and village radio and television rate of the whole administrative village in the study area are 0.28,0.25,0.19 and 0.18 respectively,and the interactive q value of per capita net income and GDP of the county is the largest,which is 0.37.The results show that the net income per capita of villages,the proportion of garden land,the distance from provincial road and the proportion of cultivated land are the main factors affecting the development of the valley area in karst plateau,and the q values of the determinants are 0.16,0.18,0.12 and 0.1 respectively.The results show that the average slope,the proportion of cultivated land,the proportion of dilapidated houses and the per capita net income of villages are the main factors affecting the karst plateau mountainous area,and the q values of the determinants are 0.19,0.15,0.11 and 0.11 respectively.The karst plateau gorge area is mainly affected by the number of public service points in the village,village collective economic income,the proportion of households with difficulty in drinking water safety,the distance to the county government,and other factors,with the q values of 0.13,0.1,0.1 and 0.1,respectively.To sum up,the rural poverty in karst plateau mountain area is mainly restricted by the natural environment,the valley area is mainly restricted by the economic and resource conditions,and the valley area is mainly restricted by the public service facilities.(3)There is a great correlation between the incidence of rocky desertification and the incidence of poverty in karst areas.With the increase of poverty,the scale of rocky desertification becomes larger.The incidence of rocky desertification and poverty in most villages are at a low level,showing a high coupling level and a high coupling coordination type.The results show that the coupling relationship between rocky desertification and poverty in karst areas can be divided into three types:low-level coupling,running in stage and high-level coupling.The coupling level of rocky desertification and poverty in most villages is high-level coupling.The coupling coordination between rocky desertification and poverty in Karst Valley area and karst mountain area is similar to that in Karst Plateau area The coupling coordination level of rocky desertification and poverty in the gorge area of the special plateau is quite different.There are six types of coordinated development: relatively poor,extremely poor,mildly poor,seriously poor,relatively poor and mildly poor.Among them,36.25%of the poor villages are belong to the "poverty slightly lagging" type of poor villages.Village is an effective battlefield and powerful object to solve the problem of regional rocky desertification and poverty.The research results of coupling mechanism of rocky desertification and poverty at village scale can guide regional practice more effectively.(4)Based on the coupling mechanism of rocky desertification environment and poverty,the technologies of relative poverty identification,collaborative governance of non potential rocky desertification environment and poverty,collaborative governance of potential mild rocky desertification environment and poverty,and collaborative governance of medium intensity rocky desertification environment and poverty were developed and demonstrated.The identification index system of the relative poor population has realized the accurate and effective identification of the relative poverty degree of the relative poor families and regions.The promotion technology and diagnosis technology of the collaborative governance model of rocky desertification and poverty can effectively promote the promotion and demonstration of the governance model at the county level,The diagnosis technology of collaborative governance model of rocky desertification and poverty,which is based on the main line of "effectiveness evaluation poverty diagnosis appeal analysis path planning",can better realize the effectiveness evaluation,problem diagnosis,etiology analysis and path planning of comprehensive governance demonstration area of rocky desertification.In the future,we should take the construction of the vertical and horizontal extension of the ecological industry industrialization project as the goal,and construct the participatory ecological industry management mode of the farmers in the rocky desertification area,to realize the rural revitalization in the rocky desertification area. |
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