| With the rapid economy development of our country,the population continues to increase,the consumption of natural resources is gradually increasing,the ecological environment has been severely damaged,the ecological functions have gradually declined,and ecological and social problems have become increasingly serious.How to use economic,policy and other means to adjust the conflicts between stakeholders and promote the protection and restoration of the ecological environment is the main content of the current research by Chinese scholars.This paper selects Qinhuangdao City as the research area,uses ENVI5.3 and Arc GIS platform to process the four phases of remote sensing imag es in 2005,2010,2015 and 2018,using the land use dynamic degree model and the land use transfer matrix model to analyze the changes in land use type structure,speed,dynamics,and transfer matrix from 2005 to 2018.Based on the revised ecosystem service value equivalent table per unit area,the ecosystem service value of each land use type in Qinhuangdao City from 2005 to 2018 was evaluated.According to Qinhuangdao City Ecosystem service function benefit and compensation scope,determin e the theoretical compensation amount of each land use type ecosystem in Qinhuangdao City.In order to coordinate the relationship between the compensation subject and the compensation object,improve the ecological environment in the study area,and allev iate the contradictions between the parties,Qinhuangdao City’s ecological compensation mechanism was optimized from the two aspects of Qinhuangdao City’s ecological compensation subject,object and compensation method,and finally proposed to Qinhuangdao City Ecological compensation proposal.Achieve the following results and conclusions:(1)From 2005 to 2018,the land use types of Qinhuangdao City were mainly cultivated land and forest land,and the area of cultivated land and forest land accounted for more than 60% of the total area.The area of arable land,water area and grassland decreased to varying degrees,and the area of woodland and construction land increased to varying degrees.The average annual reduction of grassland was3526hm~2,and the second largest average annual reduction was cultivated land.The waters and unused land changed the most slowly,with a decrease of about 400hm~2,and the average annual increase of woodland and construction land is 2957hm~2 and3068hm~2 respectively.Between 200 5 and 2018,more than 70% of the decrease in construction land and unused land was converted to cultivated land,while the conversion of cultivated land accounted for more conversion to construction land,and the decrease of grassland converted more to for est land.The forest land has been converted into cultivated land.In general,there are more conversions of cultivated land to construction land,and the other five types of land use have converted more to cultivated land except for cultivated land.(2)During the 13 years from 2005 to 2018,the total value of ecosystem services in Qinhuangdao City was relatively stable with no obvious changes.The ecosystem services value of forest land was generally increasing,with an increase of 2.012 billion yuan.Among them,the ecosystem service value of cultivated land,grassland,water area and unused land are all decreasing.The ecosystem service value of grassland has decreased the most,reaching 998 million yuan,and the ecosystem service value of water area has decreased by 578 million yuan.The ecosystem service value of the land decreased by 316 million yuan and 13 million yuan respectively.In the three time periods of 2005-2010,2010-2015,and 2015-2018,forest land was most sensitive to changes in ecosystem service value(54.28%),indicating that the change in ecological service value generated by forest land has an impact on the total service value of Qinhuangdao City Changes have a greater impact and are therefore the main sensitive factor.(3)The total amount of theoretical ecological compensation for the ecological system in Qinhuangdao City is 14.145 billion yuan,and the compensation amount for each land use type(100 million yuan)from large to small is: forest land(76.64)>cultivated land(24.40)> w ater area(23.15)> grassland(17.20)>Unused land(0.06),forest land should be the key target of ecological compensation in Qinhuangdao City.Based on the research on the subject and object of ecological compensation and combined with the actual situation of Qinhuangdao City,it is determined that the ecological compensation methods of Qinhuangdao City include financial compensation,policy compensation,and technical and intellectual compensation.Finally,Qinhuangdao City proposes to improve the ecologic al compensation management system and laws and regulations,and expand ecological compensation.Three ecological compensation proposals for funding channels and enhancing citizens’ awareness of ecological protection. |
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