Research On Effects And Upgrade Strategies Of Ship Emissions Control Area In Shanghai Ports

With the rising number of ships,emissions from shipping industry have ranked up to be one of the three major sources of air pollutants and aroused the concern of more and more countries and international organizations.Ship emissions of pollutants mainly consist of nitrogen oxides,sulfur oxides and particulate matters.As a key policy and measure for marine atmospheric pollutant emission control,implementing of Ship Emissions Control Area（ECA）has become a mainstream in international ship emissions control.It helps to improve the regional air quality,with good feasibility of technology and convenience in supervision.Since April 1st,2016,China has also set up three ship emissions control areas,the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta and Circum-Bohai-Sea region,of which the primary mission is to strictly control the sulfide emissions exhaust.At the same time,it also increases operating costs of ship owners,and raises antipathy among them.Besides,there still exists great potential for adjustment because the requirements in our country are not strict enough when compared with international ship emissions control areas.Above all,it is unpredictable about how the reduction effects are,port side how to implement and adjustment the requirements,and ship operators how to choose strategies.Therefore,it is theoretical and practical significant to do research on effects and upgrade strategies of ship emissions control area in Shanghai ports.On the basis of comprehensive elaboration of related research,this study first evaluates the effectiveness of fuel transfer regulation in ECA designed to reduce SO₂ emissions in Shanghai port area.After further analyzing the behaviors of stakeholders,a game model is established between the port side and ship operators to analyze the static equilibrium and stable points in the process of evolution.Then we explore the optimal strategies about expanding the geography scope and strengthening the sulfur content limit,and evaluate the effects of slow steaming and cold ironing in ECA.Results show that it is feasible and necessary for our country to adopt a more stringent emission control scheme.The optimal effect of emissions reduction can be obtained when geographical scope expanded to 18 nm and upper bound of fuel sulfur content reduced to 0.1m/m%.Finally,via summarizing the main conclusions,on the one hand we put forward suggestions for port managers to implement and adjust the ship emissions control area regulation,and on the other hand provide the ship operators with relevant countermeasures and suggestions.