Study On The Influence Of Road Construction From Shuitou To Shihu Section In Shishi City On The Diversity Of Bird Community In Quanzhou Bay Nature Reserve

In order to fully understand the impact of road construction from Shuitou to Shihu in Shishi City on birds in Quanzhou Bay nature reserve,three transects are set in the road construction section of Quanzhou Bay from May 2019 to April 2021.According to the living environment of birds,four different habitats are divided.The bird community structure in Quanzhou Bay Nature Reserve is investigated,and the bird biodiversity index is calculated,the results are as follows:1.From May 2019 to April 2021,a total of 119 species of birds in 37 families of 13 orders are recorded,including 75 species of waterfowl in 14 families of 8 orders and 44 species of forest birds in 23 families of 5 orders.The floristic subordination is as follows: 4widely distributed species,46 Oriental species and 69 Palaearctic species.According to the analysis of resident type,there are 45 winter migratory birds,36 resident birds,26 travelers and 12 summer migratory birds.3 species of birds,Grus leucogeranus,Calidris pygmeus and saundersilarus saundersi,are recorded as national first-class protected birds;10 species of birds under second level protection,which are Numenius arquata,Numenius madagascariensis,Arenaria interpres,Calidris falcinellus,Halcyon smyrnensis,Elanus caeruleus,Numenius minutus,Buteo japonicus,Pandion haliatus,Centropus sinensis;11species of key protected birds in Fujian Province,including Tachybaptus ruficollis,Ardea cinerea jouyi,Ardea alba,Egretta garzetta,Numenius phaeopus,Hirundo rustica,Upupa epops,Anser fabalis,Pica pica,Phalacrocorax carbo,Cecropis daurica;the results showed that 5 species of birds listed in the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals are Grus leucogeranus,Limosa limosa,Pandion haliatus,Elanus caeruleus and Saundersilarus saundersi;5 species of birds listed in the China Species Red List are Grus leucogeranus,Numenius madagascariensis,Calidris pygmeus,Saundersilarus saundersi and Centropus sinensis;China and Japan jointly protect 55 species of birds;China and Australia jointly protect 34 species of birds;Turdus merula is endemic to China;13 new recorded species of birds in Quanzhou Bay,including Grus leucogeranus,Ixobrychus cinnamomeus,Gallinago stenura,Calidris acuminata,Gelochelidon nilotica,Qnychoprion anaethetus,Calidris pygmeus,Muscicapa griseisticta,Calidris falcinellus,Aethopyga christinae,Anthus rubescens,Apus nipalensis and Rostratula benghalensis.Grus leucogeranus is a new record of birds in Fujian Province.2.In the four habitats,the order of bird species is:Lotus pond(84 species)> Tidal wetland(69 species)> Shelter forest(34 species)> Residential area(24 species);the number of birds is as follows: Tidal wetland(19816)> Lotus pond(8517)> Shelter forest(817)>Residential area(554);the Shannon Index is as follows: Lotus pond(2.99)> Shelter forest(2.79)> Tidal wetland(2.51)> Residential area(2.23);the Evenness Index is as follows:Shelter forest(0.79)> Residential area(0.70)> Lotus pond(0.67)> Tidal wetland(0.59);the Dominance Index is as follows:Lotus pond(0.92)> Shelter forest(0.91)> Residential area(0.86)> Tidal wetland(0.85).The similarity between Tidal wetland and Lotus pond is higher in the four habitats.3.In the four seasons from March 2020 to February 2021,the Shannon Index is the highest in spring,summer and autumn in the Lotus pond,the Shannon Index is the highest in winter in the Shelter forest,and the Shannon Index in Residential areas and Tidal wetland is not high in each season.In spring and summer,birds species and quantities ranked first in the Tidal wetland,and the Shannon Index is not high.Although the species and quantities of birds in Lotus pond ranked second,the Shannon Index is the highest.The number of birds in the Lotus pond increased the most in autumn,but the number of birds in the Lotus pond did not increase much compared with that in summer,which resulted in the highest Shannon Index in autumn.The number of forest birds increased in winter,but the increase is not large,so the Shannon Index of Tidal wetland is the highest in winter.The Evenness Index is the highest in Lotus pond and Tidal wetland in spring,the highest in Residential area in summer and autumn,and the highest in Tidal wetland in winter.In spring,summer and winter,the Dominance Index is the highest in Tidal wetland,while in autumn,it is the highest in Residential areas.In conclusion,in the change of Shannon Index of bird population in four seasons,it is indicated that Lotus pond is the most suitable habitat environment for water birds,and Tidal wetland is the most suitable habitat environment for forest birds.In the change of Dominance Index,the number of birds in Shelter forest and Residential area is less and the distribution is more uniform.In the change of Dominance Index,it is shown that the birds in the Tidal wetland in spring,summer and winter are more concentrated,and the dominant species are obvious,the number is more,it becomes a gathering place for sandpiper.4.The influence of road construction on the habitat of birds in the study area is mainly shown in the following points:1 After the original ditch of the No.1 transect is cleared and landfill,and converted into a channel with a width of 20 m,the birds in the original ditch are forced to move to the Lotus pond because there are no plants to provide shelter and it is not suitable for birds to inhabit.As a result,the number of birds in the Lotus pond increased;2 During the road construction,a section of the Shelter forest of the No.3 transect line is cut down,and it is found that the birds moved to the surrounding Residential areas and the nearby woods to inhabit,while the number of birds in the windbreak increased;3 The impact of explosives,electric drills and other items used in subgrade excavation and the noise of large construction machinery on birds;4 In May 2019,there were cement residues dumped in mangroves,causing serious environmental pollution.This phenomenon is fed back to the construction party,the construction party cleaned up in time,and then no damage is found.5.According to the comparison of bird residence type and geographical type data in two years,the bird species and number curve decreased in spring months,trough in summer months,rise in autumn months,and peak in winter months.This is related to the fact that most birds in Quanzhou Bay are migratory birds,and most migratory birds are winter migratory birds of Palaeonorthern species.In addition,compared with the first year,the number of birds in the second year increased by 24 species compared with the first year,and the number of birds in the second year increased by 1320 compared with the first year.The change curve of species and number of waterbirds,winter migratory birds and Palaearctic birds is consistent with the overall change curve of birds.1 Compared to the first year,The influence of road construction on the number and quantity of bird species is as follows: in the second year,the number of bird species increased by 20 species in October,22 species in November,1 species in December,27 species in February,11 species in March and 16 species in April,and decreased by 2 species in January.In the second year,the number of birds in October,December,January and February is 397,1696,1361 and 394 more than that in the first year,respectively.The number of birds in November,March and April is 488,1811 and 762 less than that in the first year.The increasing number of bird species indicates that the important habitat(Lotus pond and Tidal wetland)in this region is not destroyed during the road construction process.With the deepening of the investigation,the total number of birds has increased only modestly.The influence of road construction on birds is mainly reflected in the driving effect.2 The influence of road construction on the Shannon Index,Evenness Index and Dominance Index of birds is as follows: Shannon Index,Evenness Index and Dominance Index all showed great differences after October.The Shannon Index and Evenness Index of birds in the second year are higher than those in the first year in October,November,February,March and April,while the Dominance Index in these five months is lower than that in the first year.Compared to the second year in the first year in the same month,birds Shannon Index and Evenness Index increased,Dominance Index reduced,because birds species increased,but compared to the first annual,fewer birds appear a large number of cluster and the distribution is evener,it also shows that illustrates the process of road construction affects and drives away birds.