Spatial Distribution Pattern And Activity Rhythm Of Mammals In Jianfengling Forest Area,Hainan

From October 2020 to November 2021,we conducted a mammal diversity survey using infrared camera monitoring technology in Jianfengling forest area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.In this study,the background data of mammals in Jianfengling forest area were obtained by infrared camera trap method.The spatial distribution pattern of mammalian diversity was analyzed to clarify the impact of human disturbance on the spatial distribution pattern of mammalian diversity.In addition,the infrared camera data of Muntiacus nigripes were analyzed to study the daily activity pattern of Muntiacus nigripes in the tropical rainforest environment,and the difference of daily activity pattern between dry season and rainy season.The results showed as follows:(1)A total of 17 species of wild mammals were recorded in this research in Jianfengling forest area,belonging to 6 orders and 11 families,including 1 species of Scandentia,1 species of Primates,4 species of Carnivores,8 species of Rodentia,2 species of Artiodactyla,1 species of Pholidota,and 1 species of livestock.The top four mammals in relative abundance indexes were Atherurus macrourus,Susscrofa,Callosciurus erythraeus and Muntiacus nigripes.Among these monitored wild mammals,there was only one species belong to Class-? National Key Protected Wildlife in China: Manis pentadactyla;there were five species belong to Class-II National Key Protected Wildlife in China: Macaca mulatta,Prionailurus bengalensis,Paradoxurus hermaphroditus,Muntiacus nigripes and Ratufa bicolor.(2)The vertical distribution pattern of the total number of mammals in Jianfengling forest area was the middle peak pattern of right bias.The species richness of mammals was the highest at the the altitude of 400–600 m,showing a vertical distribution pattern of left–biased mid–peak pattern.The Shannon diversity index of mammals was the highest at the altitude of 600–800 m,indicating that the vertical distribution pattern of mammalian diversity was a mid–peak pattern.The vertical spatial distribution pattern of mammal species richness and diversity in Jianfengling forest area was affected by altitude,climate and other factors.The middle and high altitude areas had high species diversity,so the protection of the region should be strengthened to maintain its high biodiversity.(3)The distribution pattern of human disturbance intensity in Jianfengling forest area was the highest in Dakai-Nanya region,followed by Weidong-Jiangbian region.The spatial distribution pattern of the overall species richness of mammals was generally the highest in the central and northern regions of Jianfengling forest area,and the lowest in the boundary area.The Shannon diversity index of mammals was highest in the central region of Jianfengling forest area and lowest in the boundary region.The human disturbance in Jianfengling forest area had an important impact on the spatial distribution pattern of mammalian species diversity in the forest area.The species richness and diversity of mammals in the Dakai-Nanya area with the highest disturbance intensity were at a lower level in the whole forest area,which required scientific control of human activities..(4)The daily activity pattern of Muntiacus nigripes was morning and evening.The activity intensity of Muntiacus nigripes fluctuated obviously in each time of day in dry season and rainy season,and there were several small peaks of activity intensity,but there were still two obvious peaks of activity intensity in morning and evening.The peak activity of morning and evening in rainy season is nearly 1 hour earlier than that in dry season.Through this study,the distribution status of mammal resources in Jianfengling forest area was basically mastered,which provided a data basis for the research and protection of mammal resources in Jianfengling forest area,and was of great significance to the planning,construction and management of Hainan Tropical rainforest National Park.