The Activity Rhythm Of Reeves's Pheasant And Its Sympatrical Mammals Under Anthropogenic Disturbances

Wild animals might adapt to the human disturbance based on changes in their behavior,physiology and other aspects.It is of great significance to study the effect of human interference on the diurnal activity rhythm of wild animals.From March 2018 to April 2019,we used infrared cameras to monitor the dourial activity rhythm of Reeves' s Pheasant and its several sympatric mammals has potential predation and other relationships with Reeves' s Pheasant.The study areas are Zhonghua Mountain Birds Nature Reserve in Hubei(hereafter Zhonghua Mountain),Liankang Mountain National Nature Reserve in Henan(hereafter Liankang Mountain),Pingjingguan and Santan National Forest Park in Hubei(hereafter Pingjingguan).The results are as follows:1)In total,there are 31 infrared cameras in Zhonghua Mountian,and recorded4499 independent photographs of all species.Meanwhile,there were 25 cameras with3462 independent photographs in Liankang Mountian,and there were 19 cameras with2043 independent photographs in Pingjingguan.We recored 56 species except for small rodents that were surveyed.Totally 11 species of mammals and 45 species of birds were monitored in these areas.The diversity index of birds and animals in Zhonghua Mountain,Liankang Mountain and Pingjingguan was 3.000,3.222 and 3.020 respectively,and the uniformity index was 0.802,0.937 and 0.849 respectively.2)The capturing rate of camera trapping indicated Liankang Mountain holds a relative higher human disturbance,mostly local villagers graze in the area,and Zhonghua Mountain and Pingjingguan has the similar human disturbance intensity.3)The activity peak of Reeves' s Pheasant was different from that of anthropogenic disturbance,implying significant staggered shifts of the activities between this species and human.The overlap between Reeves' s Pheasant and anthropogenic disturbance in Liankang Mountain held the lowest coefficient compared to that in the other two areas.Our result demonstrated that human disturbance may have influence on the diurnalactivity rhythm of Reeves' s Pheasant.In particular,this species can adjust its activity rhythm to adapt the human interference to a certain extent.4)The diurnal activity rhythm of the Raccoon Dogs was not similar between the human disturbance in breeding season of Reeves' s Pheasant(Watson's two-sample test,P < 0.05).And the overlapping coefficient of diurnal activity rhythm with Reeves' s Pheasant is also the lowest among three areas.Raccoon Dogs are less active during the day in Liankang Mountain,and the overlapping coefficient of Raccoon Dogs and Reeves' s Pheasant holds the lowest overlapping coefficient.5)In the breeding and non-breeding seasons of Reeves' s Pheasant,the diurnal activity rhythm of Wild Boar and human disturbance was significantly different in Zhonghua Mountain and Pingjingguan(Watson's two-sample test,P < 0.05).The overlapping coefficient of Wild Boar and human interference is higher among all species in these two periods,are 0.852 and 0.766 respectly.The overlapping coefficient of Wild Boar and Reeves' s Pheasant is higher among all species.6)The diurnal activity rhythm of Little Muntjac was also significantly different from human disturbance in Zhonghua Mountain and Pingjingguan(Watson's two-sample test,P<0.05).When the human interference was at the peak of the activity,the diurnal activity rhythm of Little Muntjac is over the left.7)During the breeding period of Reeves' s Pheasant,the diurnal activity rhythm of Pig Badgers and the occurrence rule of human interference only showed significant difference in Liankang Mountain(Watson's two-sample test,P < 0.05),and not significant difference in the three places.During the breeding period of Reeves' s Pheasant,the diurnal activity rhythm of Pig Badgers in Liankang Mountain showed a high overlap with human interference,with the overlap coefficient of 0.413.The diurnal activity rhythm studies of Pig Badgers and Civet Cats show that both species are more active at night,These two species are less affected by human disturbance,the overlap coefficient of diurnal activity with the pheasant was also low especially.8)The change of daily activity rhythm of wild animals has certain indicative effect on species conservation.The changes in the activity rhythm of the above species indicate that it is important to take certain measures to reduce the grazing phenomenon and pay attention to the population and behavior of domestic animals in the protected area in the future conservation work.In addition,the key is to strengthen the publicity of protection,talent introduction and training of protection management personnel.