Wildlife Diversity Monitoring In Yanqing Area Of Beijing 2022 Olympic And Paralympics Winter Games

Yanqing competition area of 2022 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games is adjacent to Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve,an area with rich animal and plant diversity.There are national and provincial key protected wild animals around Yanqing competition area,and the ecological environment is sensitive and fragile.A timely understanding of the impact of the construction and preparation of the Winter Olympics on wildlife will help formulate targeted conservation policies and measures,effectively protect the biodiversity of the region,and implement the concept of a Green Olympics.Based on camera trapping,noninvasive sampling method,line transect and artificial nest method,this study monitored the wildlife in Yanqing competition area.The monitoring results could be used to evaluate the impact of the preparation and construction of the Winter Olympic Games on wildlife in a multi-aspect way,providing reference data and scientific basis for the development of animal diversity protection measures in the preparation process of large-scale events.The main conclusions are as follows.1.A total of 56 species of 30 families,13 orders were captured by cameras trapping.The diversity and population of wild animals in Yanqing competition area decreased slightly during the construction period in 2019,and increased somewhat during the end stage of construction in 2020.Generally,the wildlife diversity in Yanqing competition area changed little during the construction and preparation process.2.The relative abundance index and activity rhythm of leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis),Asian badger(Meles leucurus),hog badger(Arctonyx collaris),wild boar(Sus scrofa)and rock squirrel(Sciurotamias davidianus)in different periods were compared and analyzed.The construction factors had little influence on the relative abundance index of rock squirrels,but had greater influence on the other four species of mammals.The population of five mammals recovered to some extent in the end stage of construction,but it did not reach the population level in the non-disturbance period.The monthly activity rhythm of the five mammals was sensitive to construction disturbance,and the activity intensity increased significantly at the beginning of construction and after construction.Nocturnal mammals reduce their risk by reducing daytime activities and increasing nocturnal activities to avoid disturbance,while diurnal mammals reduce their risk by increasing daily activities before and after construction.3.The wildlife diversity data were obtained through the food composition of the leopard cat in the competition area by noninvasive sampling method.66 species of wild animals in 28 families of 11 orders were identified by high-throughput sequencing method,and 7 species of prey were obtained by feces disassembly method.Compared with the non-disturbance period,the proportion of birds increased greatly and became the highest prey,while the proportion of rodents decreased.Chi-square test showed that the food composition of leopard cats was significantly different between construction period and non-disturbance period(P<0.001).4.A total of 56 species,32 families and 15 orders,were investigated and recorded by line transect method.During the construction period,the utilization rate of artificial nest generally decreased,and the closer to the construction area,the lower the utilization rate.The construction disturbance has a great influence on the nesting and reproduction of the song birds in Yanqing competition area,but the diversity,dominance and evenness of bird community were increased.5.According to the results of the camera trapping,noninvasive sampling and line transect methods,a total of 20 orders,53 families and 132 species of wild animals were detected.The number of mammals,birds,reptiles and amphibians accounted for more than 80% of the number of species in the period without disturbance.The results showed that the diversity of wildlife in the competition area changed little during the construction period.The negative impact of the construction was temporary,local and not severe.After the construction,the diversity and population of wild animals in this area have increased significantly.Multi-method and multi-angle monitoring on wildlife diversity in the Yanqing area of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will help to understand the dynamics of wildlife diversity and timely formulate targeted and effective protection measures.This study fills a gap in the study of the impact of large-scale sports events on wildlife,and is conducive to demonstrating the Chinese government’s ability to protect the ecological environment and biodiversity as well as its determination to practice the concept of "Green Olympics".