Study On Plant Landscape Of Bird Habitat In Beijing Olympic Forest Park

With the development of urbanization, the natural green land suit for wildlife habitat is gradually losing in the urban environment, and the urban park has become the last refuge for wildlife. Study on plant community characteristics of urban bird habitat is conductive to building the distinctive plants landscape of bird habitat in the future. In this paper, plant community structure, plant diversity and plant habitat types in Beijing Olympic Forest Park were investigated to explore the important factors of playing ecological functions in the forest park, with the correlation analysis between bird communities and plant habitats. Depending on the needs of different bird groups, strategies of building plant landscape in urban bird habitat and recommendation of plant community patterns were proposed. The results show that:(1) The existing vascular plant species (including varieties and forms) of Beijing Olympic Forest Park is 212, belong to 65 families and 159 generas. For the plant species, tree:shrub: herb:vine=3.3:2.3:8.1:1; The advantage genera are Asteraceae (13.15%)> Rosaceae (12.21%)> Gramineae (7.98%)> Fabaceae (6.10%), and they rates as high as 39.44%. The most frequently used tree species is Pinus tabulaeformis, shrub species is Lonxcera maackii, and herbaceous species is Setaria viridis.(2) The diversity of herbs is the highest in Forest Park, which could maintain at a high level basically. The tree species also showed higher Patric richness and Shannon-Wiener index, however, lack of shrub species. The tree and shrub species showed high level of diversity in the habitat with developed tree layer and shrub layer, but the growth of herb layer was limited, resulting in the decrease of herb diversity. The diversity of tree layer was lower in the habitat with dominant species, so that the diversity of shrub and herb layer could be increased accordingly. And in the habitat with not much tree species and lack of shrub plant, herb species diversity increased.(3) 66 kinds of birds were recorded in Beijing Olympic Forest Park, which belong to 11 orders and 29 families, and the rare bird was a total of 34 species. Birds of Palaearctic species had the most from respect of natural distribution regions.The bird community structure in spring and autumn changed dramatically but recorded the most abundant bird species, accounted for 44 and 42. In summer and winter, the bird community was stable, accounted for 40 and 31 respectively; Nesting in trees and taking insects as main food were the most common nesting types and feeding habits during the breeding birds. However, the advantage bird species of Beijing Olympic Forest Park was omnivorous birds.(4) Distribution of bird diversity in different areas of Forest Park is not uniform, Species and community structure of birds in South Park changed significantly during four seasons, and birds diversity of different samples were obviously different. In contrast, North Park would remain high bird uniformity. In 10 kinds of plant habitats, the more complex the plant community structure was, the more birds were attracted, with a decline of the bird uniformity. And the composition and structure of bird community would be more reasonable with a high level of diversity and uniformity in the plant habitat with higher and wider trees.(5) The quantity and diversity of shrub in plant habitat showed a significant positive correlation with the bird diversity, and significant negative correlate with bird uniformity. There was no significant linear correlation between plant community structure and diversity of bird communities, but with average height of trees in plant habitat increased, the bird richness and diversity showed a downward trend after the first rise. Meanwhile, the distance between samples and water was significantly negatively correlated with bird richness, the visitors flowrat was significantly positively correlated with the bird uniformity, and the number of road near the plant habitat showed no significant correlation with bird diversity.(6)There was significant difference of preferences to plant habitat during different bird group, plant habitat with a variety of broadleaf trees mixed showed highest important value for birds, and in respect of tree species, the important value of Salix matsudana and Robinia pseudoacacia for bird were higher than othe trees, which could attract different kind of birds inhabit. And it could also improve the richness and diversity of birds in plant habitat quickly.(7) In this paper, many strategies and recommendations were made for plant landscape planning of bird habitat in Beijing urban parks, and recommended species of tree and shrub and plant community patterns suit for building bird habitat.The study based on field investigation, puts forward suggestions for urban park playing ecological services function of bird habitat and building plant landscape suitable for birds, while providing a new attempt for cooperation of multidisciplinary field.