| Plecoptera is also known as stonefly.The family Nemouridae(Nemouroidea)belongs to the Euholognatha of Arctoperlaria,which is the largest family of Plecoptera.The morphological taxonomy,phylogeny and geographical distribution of Nemouridae from China were studied in this paper.The species of Nemouridae collected from Zhejiang,Fujian,Anhui,Guangdong,Sichuan,Guizhou,Shaanxi,Jiangsu provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China were examined,identified and sorted.A total of 2 subfamilies,8 genera and 125 species were recorded,including the descriptions and drawings of 9 new species and color images of 51 species in 6 genera,a new synonym was revised,the keys of subfamilies genera and species were also provided.The mitochondrial genome of Amphinemura Chui Wu,1935 and Mesonemoura Sichuanensis Du?Ji,2015 were sequenced with total length of 15,867bp and 15,333bp,respectively.They contain 37 genes(13 PCGs,22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs)and a noncoding control region(CR).In this study,Maximum Likelihood(ML)and Bayesian Inference(BI)were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree based on the whole mitogenome and COI gene of 20 species in 6 genera of Nemouridae.The 18S rDNA fragments of 12 species in 6 genera of Nemouridae were amplified,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by ML and BI methods.This study analyzed the phylogeny of Nemouridae at at the level of genus.The results show that different genes and methods support the monophyly of Nemouridae.Except for the results of COI gene,the monophyly of 6 genera and the genetic relationship of 3 genera((Sphaeronemoura+Mesonemoura)+Indonemoura)are supported.The results of COI gene only support the monophyly of Sphaeronemoura and the other 5 genera are difficult to separate.The phylogenetic relationship of(((((Sphaeronemoura+Mesonemoura)+Indonemoura)+Protonemura)+Nemoura)+Amphinemura)is more reliable.In addition,the geographical distribution and biogeography of Nemouridae in China and the world are summarized.In terms of the world distribution,the species of Nemouridae are mainly distributed in Holarctic and Oriental Region.Based on the movement and division of continental plates,they gradually spread and evolved,forming the distribution pattern of Palaearctic,Nearctic and Oriental region,and also extending to the Neotropics and Australian region.From the perspective of distribution in China,it mainly distributed in the central and southern China of Oriental region,but less in northeast China and Inner mongolia-Xinjiang region.The diversity of the family Nemouridae in the Oriental region of China is higher than that in the Palaearctic region,so the investigation on the Palaearctic region of China should be strengthened in the future.The new species identified in this study are as follows:1?Amphinemura Ris,1902(1)A.oblonga Rehman,Du?Zhao 2021(2)A.oxyacantha Zhao?Du,2021(3)A.reni Du?Zhao,2021(4)A.triquetra Zhao?Du,2021(5)A.xiangae Zhao?Du,20222?Mesonemoura Baumann,1975(6)M.diqinga Rehman,Du?Zhao 20213?Protonemura Kempny,1898(7)P.longispina Zhao?Du,20204?Sphaeronemoura Shimizu?Sivec,2001(8)S.tetragona Du?Zhao,20205.Nemoura Latreille,1796(9)N.biplatta Zhao?Du,2021... |
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