| Plecoptera is a kind of semi-metamorphosed aquatic insect,which is aquatic and sensitive to the water environment,and belongs to one of the indicative insects;Adults are terrestrial and often live in leaves and bushes on the banks of streams.Claassenia belongs to the subfamily Perinae;Sinacroneuria belongs to the subfamily Acroneurinae.In this paper,the morphological classification and geographical distribution of the genus Claassenia and Sinacroneuria in China,and phylogenetic relationship of Claassenia are discussed,the main results are as follows:1.This paper describes a total of 10 species of the genus Claassenia,including 1 new species;Revise one new synonym,supplement the description of some known species,and provide a color chart,and compile a key table for the species of this genus.In addition,16 species of the genus Sinacroneuria are described,including 2 new species;At the same time,supplementary descriptions were provided for some known species,a key table for this genus was compiled,and color plates of some species were provided.2.This paper sequenced the whole mitochondrial genome of C.magna,C.qingzang and C.gigas.The total length of the mitochondrial genomes of the three species of Melia is 15774,15777 and 15746 bp respectively.Each mitochondrial genome has 37 genes,including 22 tRNAs,2 ribosomal RNAs,13 protein-coding genes(PCGs)and 1 non-coding control region(CR).In general,standard ATN start and TAN termination codons were evident in the PCGs.Although the dihydrouridine arm was absent in trnSer,the remaining 21 tRNAs displayed the characteristic cloverleaf secondary structure.The stem-ring structure was found in the CR of three mitochondrial genomes,but the tandem repeat sequence was only visible in the giant hammer.Based on the three Claassenia sequenced in this paper and the existing mitochondrial genome data of Perlidae in Genbank,the phylogenetic relationship between Claassenia,Perinae and Acroneurinae in Perlidae was reconstructed using Bayesian method(BI)and maximum likelihood method(ML).The results show that the two different methods highly support the monophyly of Claassenia,and the genus Claassenia is more related to subfamily Perinae,so this study supports the classification of Claassenia into subfamily Perinae;In the phylogenetic tree,the genus Claassenia is located between the subfamily Perinae and the subfamily Acroneurinae.Therefore,this study suggests that Meloidogyne may be a transitional group of the two subfamilies;In addition,the C.magna in this study and Claassenia sp.in GenBank are sister groups,and the collection sites are the same,so it is considered that the unknown species is the C.magna.This study provides new molecular evidence for exploring the controversial taxonomic status of the genus Claassenia in the family Perlidae,and uses molecular data to determine the unknown species names in the database.3.In addition,this paper has analyzed the geographical distribution and biogeography of Claassenia and Sinacroneuria respectively.In the world,the effective species of Claassenia are distributed in Nearctic,Oriental region and Palaearctic.Only one species is distributed in Nearctic,and the rest are distributed in Oriental region and Palaearctic.It can be inferred that the different species of the genus Claassenia stayed in North America and Eurasia respectively.After the movement and division of the continental plate,the distribution pattern of the Palaearctic and Neoarctic regions was formed.The distribution of the genus Sinacroneuria is only recorded in Oriental region and Palaearctic.As a result,both the genus Claassenia and Sinacroneuria in China have high abundance in the Oriental region.The new species identified in this study are as follows:1、Claassenia Wu,1934(1)C qingzanga,Xiang,Huo&Du,20222、Sinacroneuria Yang&Yang,1995(2)S.complana,Xiang&Du,2022(3)S.parallela,Xiang&Du,2022The synonyms corrected in this study are as follows:1.Claassenia Wu,1934(1)C.xucheni,chen,2019(syn.nov.)=C.gigas(Klapálek,1916)... |
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