Research On The Role Of New Type Collective Economic Organizations In Herdsmen’s Response To Climate Change

It has been many years since China carried out grassland contracting.The way of herdsmen to deal with climate change has gradually changed to the adaptation strategy based on individual and the adaptability has declined,weakening the ability of community collective adaptation in traditional custom system,and different adaptation behaviors have different impacts on the livelihood of herdsmen.However,in policy making,more and more attention is paid to the protection of individual private rights and interests,such as land contract transfer,separation of three rights,etc.,so that it is the foundation of the development of pastoral areas in the future to clarify the personal property rights,and there must be conflicts between individual and collective interests.Under the background of global climate change,it is very important to improve the ability of herdsmen to cope with climate change and solve the contradiction.A lot of research emphasizes the importance of adopting adaptation strategies for herdsmen in the adaptation to climate change,and the more diversified adaptation strategies are,the more effective they are to improve their ability to cope with climate change,such problems are particularly important for the Tibetan Plateau pastoral areas because of the far-reaching impact of extreme climate change.But few studies have been done on how the new collective economic organization affects the process of herdsmen’s adaptation to climate change,the role of which plays in building their adaptability and their impact on the livelihood of herdsmen.2).does the difference of new collective economic organizations affect the adaptation process lead to the difference of adaptation strategies,and thus affect the livelihood vulnerability of herdsmen? We found that herdsmen in some areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau still keep grassland sharing,attach importance to community level cooperation,and some innovative institutions with self-organization have distinct internal ownership and sharing cooperation.This paper will make them "new collective economic organizations" for the time being.Based on the case study of the pastoral areas of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,the paper tries to answer the research questions: how does the grassland circulation and the new village collective cooperation organization organized by herdsmen coordinate the adaptability and Strategies of herdsmen to climate change and what is its impact on the livelihood of herdsmen? Compared with the grassland circulation promoted by policy,is the new collective economic organization more effective in building the capacity and strategy of herdsmen to cope with climate change,so as to reduce the livelihood vulnerability of herdsmen better?In order to analyze the research problems raised in this paper,this paper selects Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ruoergai County of Sichuan Province as the case study point.According to the actual investigation,the four cases selected in this paper are Ganda village with new collective economic organization and Xiare village and Ganning village and Ashi village without new collective economic organization.This study uses open interview,typical person in-depth interview and semi structured questionnaire to obtain the first-hand data.In the process of analysis,the paper analyzes the differences in the response to climate change and the reasons behind the analysis,combining the theory of sustainable livelihood framework and the framework theory of livelihood vulnerability index.Through comparative analysis of the livelihood vulnerability index of the village herdsmen and the adaptation strategies adopted,the paper discusses the role of new collective economic organizations in the herdsmen’s response to climate change.The results show that: first,the new collective economic organizations have a significant impact on the livelihood results of herdsmen through the intermediary transmission of livelihood capital and adaptation strategies,and adaptation strategies have significant impact on livelihood results,and between adaptation strategies and livelihood capital,livelihood capital can increase the selectivity of adaptation strategies.Secondly,there are cases of new collective economic organizations in the selection of adaptation strategies,and village adaptation strategies are more abundant,and the ways of collective action are more diversified in response to climate change.The new collective economic organizations strengthen the cooperation relationship and social network reconstruction within the community,increase the diversity of adaptation strategies of herdsmen,thus improving the ability of herdsmen to cope with climate change.Third,the herdsmen in the case village have different income sources,but the case villages with new collective economic organizations have diversified income sources,the total income and net income per household are significantly higher than those without new collective economic organizations or the gap between the case villages that can be closed to those without new collective economic organizations.Finally,the construction of new collective economic organizations is closely related to the rearrangement of grassland property rights after the grassland contract has been implemented.The case villages with new collective economic organizations have improved their cooperation ability within the community,and the risk exposure is lower than that of the case villages without new collective economic organizations,and the sensitivity and adaptability are higher than those without new collective economic organizations For example,the livelihood vulnerability index is smaller than that of the case village without new collective economic organization,and the ability to adapt to climate change is stronger.Therefore,the new collective economic organization can improve the adaptability of herdsmen to climate change.It shows that the ability of herdsmen to cope with climate change can be supplemented by the new collective economic organization under the background of climate change and grassland management system reform.The innovation of internal cooperation system can improve the ability of herdsmen to cope with climate change,so as to promote the herdsmen Adapt to climate change.