Latitudinal Distribution Pattern Of Species Diversity Of Encyrtidae And Their Armored Scale Insect Hosts In China

Biodiversity has always been an important issue in the field of biology and ecology,species diversity is the core and foundation of biodiversity.In recent years,the research on the latitudinal gradients of species diversity has been widely concerned.From high latitude to low latitude,species diversity increases,which has been verified in many biological groups.However,there are significant exceptions for this classical model.The establishment of the model may depend on the selected research groups,and the latitudinal distribution patterns of many parasitoids do not follow the classical latitudinal gradients pattern.Encyrtidae is important parasitoid and natural enemy for biological control.What is the pattern of their distribution along the latitudnal gradients? In China,the research on Encyrtidae is still in the stage of classification and biological description,while the international research focuses on various basic biological phenomena,there are few reports on the variation of its species diversity with latitude,especially the study on the species diversity of double trophic level combined with the hosts.The purpose of this study is to known whether the distribution of the Encyrtidae follows the classical latitudinal gradients hypothesis(the biodiversity decreases from low latitude to high latitude).The biological and abiotic factors affecting the distribution pattern of species diversity of Encyrtidae were explored.At the same time,it is expected that the research results will help to protect and utilize the parasitoid resources of Encyrtidae in China,and provide a theoretical basis for further large–scale artificial breeding and accurate biological control.In this study,we used DNA sequence to divide the species of Encyrtidae and its hosts.The collection range was divided into latitudinal gradients,and the species diversity of Encyrtidae and its host in each latitudinal zone was counted.The distribution pattern of species diversity of the Encyrtidae and its host along latitude gradients was analyzed.The results showed that the distribution pattern of species diversity of Encyrtidae followed the classical latitudinal gradients,the distribution model of Encyrtidae and its host was consistent.In the lower latitudes,the variation of ? diversity was dominated by species replacement,while in the higher latitudes,the variation of ? diversity was dominated by species richness.With the increase of latitude,the width of the species distribution zone increases,that means,the Encyrtidae that can exist in high latitudes have a larger latitude distribution range but the species that can only exist in low latitudes have a narrower latitude distribution range.This distribution pattern follows the Rapoport rule.The environmental data of sampling sites were obtained through the climate data platform,and the factors influencing the species diversity distribution pattern of Encyrtidae were analyzed.It was found that the factors related to temperature and precipitation were positively correlated with the species diversity of Encyrtidae,while the wind was negatively correlated with the species diversity of Encyrtidae.