Climate Comfort Evaluation Of Ice Snow Tourism

Climate resources are the basis of tourism development.The change of climate factors,the level of climate comfort and the length of comfort period will affect the travel of tourists and the choice of tourism destination.Therefore,under the background of global warming,based on the change characteristics of climate factors,it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the climate comfort and study the change trend of ice and snow tourism in Northeast China.Based on the research of tourism climate comfort,this paper analyzes the climate comfort of ice and snow tourism in Northeast China and the top ten ice and snow tourism hot cities in Northeast China by using the relevant climate factors such as temperature,relative humidity,sunshine hours,air pressure and wind speed,combined with GIS spatial analysis technology,linear regression equation and universal thermal climate index model(UTCI)On the basis of climate comfort,this paper evaluates the adaptability of related tourism activities,and analyzes the change trend of climate comfort of ice and snow tourism hot cities.The conclusions are as follows(1)From the perspective of climate factors,Heilongjiang Province has high latitude and low temperature,which is suitable for sports and leisure ice and snow tourism activities,such as skiing,skating,ice fishing and other sports.The average temperature in winter in Liaoning Province is relatively high,and the number of snow days is relatively short.It can carry out ice and snow tourism activities such as watching ice sculpture exhibition,snow sculpture exhibition,rime and so on.The average temperature in winter in Jilin Province is not low and the resources are rich,which is suitable for a variety of ice and snow tourism activities,such as alpine skiing,outdoor hot springs and so on.In winter,the relative humidity of the study area is relatively low,while that of the study area is relatively high.The average relative humidity of Chifeng,Chaoyang and Jinzhou in the southwest is the lowest in winter.The sunshine time in winter in Northeast China has little difference,and gradually decreases from west to East.In a word,the average sunshine time in winter in Xilingol League,Chifeng City,Chaoyang,Jinzhou and Huludao in the southwest of Northeast China is longer than that in other areas of Northeast China,because the distance from the sea from east to west is gradually increasing,and affected by the Mongolia Siberian southward high,the temperature is low,the precipitation is less,and the sunshine time is long.The eastern part of Northeast China has the shortest average sunshine time in winter,including the northeast of Jilin Province and the southeast of Heilongjiang Province;the eastern part is close to the ocean,has more precipitation in the whole year,has higher water vapor content in the atmosphere,has strong weakening effect on solar radiation,and has relatively short sunshine time.In winter,the temperature is low,and the longer the sunshine time is,the higher the comfort of tourists will be,which will make tourists more inclined to choose the area with long sunshine time as the tourism destination.The average wind speed in winter is small in the whole study area,and the wind speed in the east of Heilongjiang Province and Dalian city is the largest.The wind speed is higher in the East and south coastal areas of Northeast China,followed by the East Wumeng city of Inner Mongolia,and the lowest in the north and southeast of Northeast China.(2)From the time distribution of tourism climate comfort,there are four grades of tourism climate comfort in winter in Northeast China: "cool","relatively cold","cold" and "very cold".The dividing line of comfort level changes with time,first to the South and then to the north.In January,the boundary of each comfort level is the lowest,the UTCI index is the lowest,and the degree of cold discomfort is the highest.The boundary of comfort level is the highest in March,but the UTCI index does not reach the maximum.In general,the comfort level of November is the highest,and that of January is the lowest.(3)From the perspective of spatial distribution of tourism climate comfort,the winter average UTCI index of ice and snow tourism destinations in Northeast China can be divided into two grades: "cold" and "colder",which obviously reflects the change law that with the increase of latitude and farther away from the ocean,the UTCI index value is getting smaller and smaller.The UTCI index in the southeast of Northeast China is the largest,and the UTCI index in most parts of Liaoning Province is generally higher than that in other regions.In the north of Northeast China,the value of UTCI is lower in the high latitude and far away from the ocean,and the value of Hulunbeier is the smallest.(4)From the frequency of different comfort levels,the "cool" comfort level is mainly distributed in the Bohai Bay area.The tourism climate is more comfortable,but the ice and snow resources are insufficient,and the experience of ice and snow tourism activities is not high.The number of "colder" days is mostly concentrated in November and March.Northern Liaoning Province,Jilin Province,southern Heilongjiang Province and Eastern Wumeng city of Inner Mongolia are suitable areas for tourists to visit,but tourists should also do a good job in keeping warm and cold.Most of the "cold" days are concentrated in January and February,while the "cold" days are longer in the north and west of Northeast China.This is because the altitude of Daxinganling and Changbai Mountain is high and the comfort level is low.Due to its unique terrain characteristics,tourists can ski in high mountains.The "very cold" days only appear in January,mainly distributed in Hulunbuir City,Inner Mongolia.Due to the high altitude,Hulunbuir's "very cold" period is 44.8 days,which is the region with the highest "very cold" frequency in the whole northeast region.(5)From the intergenerational change of Northeast China from 1980 to 2019,the winter average UTCI index shows an obvious upward trend.The 5-year moving average curve of winter UTCI index in Northeast China had a trough like fluctuation before 1990,showing a downward and then upward trend;the fluctuation was relatively gentle from 1990 to 2010,and then showed a downward and then upward trend after 2010.The change trend of the five-year moving average of the UTCI index in Liaoning Province,Jilin Province,Heilongjiang Province and East Wumeng City of Inner Mongolia is roughly the same.From 1987,the five-year moving average of the UTCI index in each province began to rise obviously.From 1992,the five-year moving average of the UTCI index showed an upward trend of volatility.To 2008,the five-year moving average of the UTCI index began to increase After that,it began to rise sharply.(6)According to the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of climate comfort of the top ten ice and snow tourism hot cities,in terms of time,the UTCI value in November is the largest,most of the areas are "colder",and the city with "cool" grade is Dalian.The "cold" grade is distributed in Hulunbeier and Mohe in high latitude area.The UTCI values of December and January are smaller,and the distribution of "cold" level is more,in which Hulunbuir reaches the "very cold" comfort range in January.In February,the number of "colder" cities began to increase,and the UTCI index value gradually increased,and most areas were in the "colder" comfort range.In space,there is a strong difference in latitude and longitude.Dalian,with the lowest latitude,has the highest "cool" frequency;Baishan has the longest "colder" period,while Hulunbuir and Mohe have the longest "very cold" period.Hulunbuir is the area with the strongest cold stress among the top ten ice and snow tourism hotspots.Mohe is located in the northernmost city of China,and the "cold" period in winter is the longest,which means that the climate comfort of Mohe is generally low in winter.Most of the hot ice and snow tourism cities in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province have the climate comfort between "colder" and "colder",which is also the most suitable ice and snow tourism destination.(7)From the changes of the annual and monthly average UTCI index of the top ten ice and snow tourism hot cities,the winter average UTCI index shows an overall upward trend,while the winter average UTCI index of Hulunbuir,Yanji and Baishan shows a downward trend.Among them,Dalian has the best fitting degree of winter UTCI 5-year moving average.Among the cities with rising UTCI index,Changchun and Dalian had the largest increase,followed by Jilin and Harbin;Mudanjiang,Mohe and Shenyang had a slightly lower increase.Hulunbuir,Yanji and Baishan are the cities with the decline of UTCI index.The decline trend of Baishan is not obvious,and Hulunbuir is the largest.The climate comfort degree of ice snow tourism should be evaluated quantitatively according to different tourism activities.The future research on climate comfort degree of ice snow tourism should be combined with the actual questionnaire survey,taking into account the climate factors other than temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,air pressure and sunshine hours,such as snow days,water fall and other factors,combined with different tourism activities of tourists,and from the perspective of human physiological function A more objective evaluation index of tourism climate comfort is put forward.