Research On The Evaluation Of The Temporal And Spatial Differentiation Of Climate Comfort In Coastal Tourist Areas In Eastern China

The coastal area is the most economically developed area in China,the tourism industry in this area is developing rapidly,and it is more and more concerned and loved by tourists.Climate factor is an important limiting condition for the development of coastal tourism.The level of climate comfort and the length of comfort period will affect the travel of tourists and the choice of tourism destination.Therefore,under the background of climate change,it is necessary to study the temporal and spatial differentiation of climate comfort in different coastal tourist destinations and island areas in China on a long-time scale.On the basis of reading a large number of foreign theories and methods and practical research at home and abroad,this paper takes the coastal tourist destinations in eastern China as the research object,uses the mechanism model general thermal climate index(UTCI),combined with GIS spatial visualization,analyzes the annual and seasonal climate comfort and comfort period of 43 coastal tourist destinations in the past 40 years from 1979 to 2018,and reveals the spatial variation law of their comfort and comfort period.According to the latitude zonality,the interannual and decadal changes of the general thermal climate index in the past 40 years are analyzed,and the time variation law of coastal tourist comfort is revealed.The annual distribution characteristics of tourism comfort of 17 islands are analyzed on the ten-day time scale.finally,the MATLAB software is used to calculate the annual and monthly change trend of tourism climate comfort of 17 eastern islands.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)from the spatial distribution of tourism climate comfort,the average spring and annual average comfort of 43 coastal tourist destinations can be divided into three grades: "cool","comfortable" and "hotter".The average annual comfort in summer and autumn is divided into two grades: "comfortable" and "hotter",and the average annual comfort in winter is divided into "cool","comfortable" and "colder".Most of the study areas of Jiangsu Province,Shanghai,Zhejiang Province,Fujian Province and Guangdong Province are more comfortable in spring;most of the study areas of Liaoning Province,Hebei Province and Shandong Province are more comfortable in summer;the study areas north of Guangdong Province are all "comfortable" in autumn,which is the widest season of "comfort";in winter,most of the study areas in the south of Zhejiang Province are "comfortable".(2)from the spatial distribution of UTCI,the seasonal and annual average UTCI distribution of 43 coastal tourist destinations decreases with the increase of latitude.The maximum and minimum values of UTCI in spring in the study area are lower than those in autumn,and the difference between maximum and minimum indexes in spring is greater than that in autumn,and the numerical difference is more obvious.In summer,the index difference between stations at different latitudes is the smallest,and the difference in comfort is the least obvious.The gap between the maximum and minimum comfort index in winter is the largest,and the comfort grade span of different sites is the largest in the four seasons.(3)from the spatial distribution of tourism climate comfort period,the average annual comfort period of 43 coastal tourist destinations has a large span in spring and autumn,and there is a great difference between north and south in summer and winter.The sites with a long comfort period in spring are concentrated in Zhejiang Province and Fujian Province,and Jiangsu Province in autumn.Tourists should make a distinction when choosing coastal tourist destinations in spring and autumn.And the range of shorter comfort period in autumn is smaller,which only appears in Hainan Island,while it is distributed in Hainan Island,Liaoning Province and Shandong Province in spring.The scope of shorter summer comfort period is located in the study area south of Shanghai,Liaoning Province has the longest comfort period,which is a good destination for summer tourism,and the scope of shorter winter comfort period is located in the study area north of Shanghai.The study area in the south of Zhejiang Province has a long comfort period,which is a good destination for cold shelter tourism.(4)from the 40-year interannual and decadal changes of the comfort of the study sites,the UTCI values of 43 coastal tourist destinations showed a fluctuating upward trend as a whole,while the UTCI values of Xingcheng,Haikou and Qinzhou decreased obviously.The chronological change in the study area of the Bohai Sea is generally large,followed by that in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea,and the smallest in the South China Sea and Beibu Gulf.The interannual variation of UTCI among provinces and cities is obvious.The sites that have changed from "uncomfortable" to "comfortable" are Huludao,Changhai,Dalian,Leting,Qingdao and Haikou.It can be seen that under the background of global warming,some coastal tourist destinations in the east and north of China are more suitable for human tourism activities,and have little influence on the growth of UTCI value in the south coastal tourist destination,so that the change of comfort grade is also small.(5)from the point of view of spatial distribution,the distribution of "comfort" in island tourist destinations at different latitudes is obviously different,forming different types of seasonal comfort types.According to the distribution characteristics of the comfort of island tourist destinations in the year,the longest "comfort" period of the 17 island tourist destinations is Chongwu Peninsula,and the number of "comfort" months is 9 months,except for the coldest and hottest ten-day period of the year.it can almost be called the comfort type of the whole year.Huludao,with the highest latitude,is comfortable in spring,summer and autumn,and unsuitable in winter.Weizhou Island with lower latitude has the shortest "comfort" period,and is suitable for spring,autumn and winter,and unsuitable for summer.Tourists can arrange the choice of island tourist destinations according to the season.(6)from the change trend of annual and monthly UTCI of island tourist destinations,the annual average UTCI index of 17 island tourist destinations showed an increasing trend from 1979 to 2018.The average monthly growth trend of most island research sites showed that the UTCI index increased to the highest value in February and November,while the UTCI index increased slightly in July,August,January and December.There are also great differences in the variation trend of UTCI among different islands.The growth trend of UTCI index of Changshan Island in February is the largest in all the study areas,and the monthly growth trend of the island is the larger in the study area.It can be seen that the change of UTCI in Changshan Island is the most significant in the past 40 years,and the changes of Moon Island and Haitan Island are also more significant.Combined with the above conclusions,the comfort and comfort period of these three islands show an upward trend,so they are island tourist destinations worthy of attention.This paper selects 43 tourism research areas in the eastern coastal area,including 17 island tourist destinations,summarizes most of the popular tourist destinations in 9 provinces and 2 cities,and uses a more advanced mechanism model to calculate and evaluate the tourism climate comfort(period).From the perspective of time and space differentiation,this paper evaluates the comfort of each sea area,each province and each tourist destination on the time scale of 40 years and the spatial distribution of different latitudes along the eastern coast.It makes up for the gap in the research on the direction of climate comfort in this region in our country.The complexity of coastal tourism activities leads to the evaluation of coastal tourism climate comfort.Various factors other than meteorological indicators should be taken into account.Future research should pay attention to the combination of field survey data and weather station data.And consider the impact factors brought by different tourism activities,carry on the fine evaluation of tourism climate comfort.