Gene Expression Profile Characteristics Analysis Of Gametophyte Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana

The development of female and male gametophytes in plants is a complex regulatory process involving many basic cellular biological processes.The study of the molecular mechanism of gametophyte development is helpful to deepen the understanding of gametophyte-related regulation and plant sexual reproduction.To date,although impressive progress has been made in some aspects of gametophyte development,the gene expression profiles related to the similarities and differences between male and female gametophyte development in plants during the early stages of development remain unclear.In this study,two reproductive organs of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were selected as the research objects,and vegetative organs were used as the control,to explore the gene expression characteristics of gametophyte development by RNA-seq.1.In Arabidopsis thaliana,both male and female gametes undergo meiosis and mitosis,but with different mitosis times,male gametes occur twice and female gametes occur three times;special cell wall tissue(pollen wall)is formed during the development of male gametes(pollens);the number of pollen is 51 times that of embryo sac(ovules)in a bud.2.Through transcriptome sequencing,11112 and 10133 DEGs were detected in anther and pistil compared with leaves,while there were only 6383 DEGs between male and female gametes.The results of metabolic pathways of DEGs enrichment showed that the pathways related to photosynthetic reaction and carbon fixation were significantly enriched only between reproductive tissues and vegetative tissues.This is consistent with the biological function of leaves.3.A total of 8435 genes expressing reproductive preference were detected in the reproductive tissues by using leaves as control.COG classification showed that transcription factors were significantly enriched,and the same family of transcription factors were also biased in different type gametes.Among them,the most significant is the B3 family,in which 30 of the 35 genes are expressed preferentially in female gametes,and 26 genes belong to the reproductive meristem(REM)subfamily,suggesting that the REM subfamily may be a key gene family in the development of female gametes.4.Through the identification and functional analysis of the gene co-expressed between male and female gametes,3318 genes with high expression during the development of both male and female gametophytes were detected.Functional enrichment analysis showed that homologous recombination,mismatch repair,starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enriched.This is consistent with the characteristics of gametophyte development.5.Through the identification and functional analysis of the male gamete preference expression genes,3666 genes preferentially expressed in male gametes were screened.Among them,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,and pentose and glucuronate interconversions were significantly enriched.Moreover,the DEGs in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism are mainly concentrated in the synthesis and metabolism of pectin.This is consistent with the biological function of pollen wall formation.6.Through the identification and functional analysis of the female gamete preference expression genes,1969 genes preferentially expressed in female gametes were screened.These genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to DNA double-strand break repair,mismatch repair,and nucleotide excision repair.At the same time,genes on the Rd DM pathway involved in the inhibition of TEs also preferentially expressed in female gametes.This suggests that a relatively intensified mechanism for supervising genome fidelity during female gametogenesis.7.The expression of genes related to plant hormone biosynthesis and transmission in different types of gametophytes revealed that the genes involved in BR biosynthesis and signal transduction were highly expressed during female gamete development,implying that BR may be a crucial factor in the development of female gametes.8.Through q RT-PCR analysis,the expression trend of 20 genes detected was consistent with that of transcriptome genes.At the same time,functional analysis of the candidate gene SWEET8 showed that it affected the fertility of male gametes by influencing the formation of pollen wall,but had no effect on the development of female gametes.In general,the molecular characteristics of the development of male and female gametophytes were explained by transcriptome data.And emphasize the consistency and difference of the development process of male and female gametophyte at the molecular level.