Energy Harvesting Method In Marine Environment And Its Application In Self-powered Buoy

With the development of industry and society,marine monitoring has gradually become a research hotspot for scholars around the world.At present,the use of traditional batteries to power marine monitoring equipment is subject to energy storage restrictions and requires regular replacement or recharging.In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional batteries,it is necessary to seek a sustainable and pollution-free energy supply method.The marine environment contains all kinds of energy,such as solar energy,thermal energy,wave energy and so on.Thanks to the development of microelectronics technology,the power consumption of electronic devices is continuously reduced,and marine monitoring equipment can be powered by collecting energy in the marine environment.In order to effectively collect the energy in the ocean environment,this paper proposes a hybrid energy collection method for the ocean environment,and develops a frictionpiezoelectric-electromagnetic-photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid energy harvester.The selfpowered multi-parameter monitoring buoy has solved the power supply problem of marine monitoring equipment.First,this paper introduces the current research status of marine energy harvesters at home and abroad.Then,it analyzes the energy generation principles of triboelectric nanogenerators,electromagnetic generators,piezoelectric nanogenerators,photovoltaics and thermoelectric generators,which provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of power generation units.The marine energy harvester is composed of a static energy harvesting unit and a dynamic energy harvesting unit,which can be divided into upper and lower parts.The upper part collects light energy and heat energy through photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric generators,and the lower part reciprocates through a pendulum structure motion drives triboelectric nanogenerator,electromagnetic generators,and piezoelectric generators to collect wave energy in the ocean.This paper introduces the specific structure of energy collector,and analyzes the working principles of photovoltaic power generation unit,thermoelectric power generation unit,triboelectric power generation unit,electromagnetic power generation unit and piezoelectric power generation unitAn electrical performance test platform was built to test the output performance of the hybrid energy harvester,including the open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current and charging characteristic curve of the generating unit.The maximum peak-to-peak power of the friction power generation unit,piezoelectric power generation unit,and electromagnetic unit are 0.25 m W,1.58 m W,and 13.8 m W.Under the illumination of 30000 Lux,the maximum open circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell is 5 V,and the short-circuit current is 41 m A.After the boost circuit,the open circuit voltage of the thermoelectric generator is 5 V,and the short circuit current is 15 m A.The energy harvester is used to supply power to the commercial wireless environment monitoring sensor,which can normally monitor the environment temperature,humidity,air pressure,accelerometer gyroscope and magnetometer changes,and the data is sent to the mobile phone via Bluetooth.The ocean self-powered buoy monitoring circuit and energy management circuit are designed,which can realize temperature,humidity,pressure,sound,posture,and track information monitoring.Use Zigbee to transmit the data to the upper computer to realize the function of displaying the monitoring information on the upper computer.