| Bryophytes are the most simple higher plants in nature,which play an important role in the monitoring and protection of ecological environment and biodiversity.Baiyun Mountain National Forest Park in Henan Province belongs to the core area of Funiu Mountains.It is located in the geographical boundary between north and south of China and the climate transition zone between south warm temperate zone and north subtropical zone,with obvious regional characteristics.In view of this,this study selected Baiyun Mountain National Forest Park in Henan Province as the study area.According to the different degree of human disturbance,four typical forest communities were selected to set up forest dynamic monitoring plots,collect environmental factor data,and investigate the bryophyte heterogeneity in different land and different substrate.Similarly moss is the analysis of community species composition,the floristic composition and the life,study the bryophytes alpha,beta diversity and its correlation with environmental factors,and explore the bryophytes differences under different degree of human disturbance index and NMDS sorting and its correlation with environmental factors,using redundancy analysis method to reveal the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of bryophytes.This study aims to comprehensively understand the status quo of bryophyte diversity in Baiyun Mountain National Forest Park,Henan Province,explore the impact of environmental factors on bryophyte diversity,discuss the problems faced by the protection and management of bryophyte diversity,and propose countermeasures and suggestions for the protection of bryophyte diversity in the new period.This study provides a basis for further research and the protection and restoration of ecological environment and biodiversity in Baiyun Mountain National Forest Park.The main research results are as follows:1.A total of 3 305 bryophytes were collected in the field and identified as belonging to 71 species of 45 genera and 25 families,including 5 species of 4 genera and 4 families of liverworts,and 66 species of mosses,41 genera and 21 families.Statistical analysis of the dominant families and genera of bryophytes showed that the dominant families and genera were consistent.In terms of Bray-Curtis differentiation coefficient,there were significant differences between plots and between different matrices within plots.The lowest was 0.188,and the highest was 0.417.The coefficient of difference between lithophytic bryophytic community and saprophytic bryophytic community was the highest,which reached 0.834.The coefficient of difference between the indigenous bryophyte community and the saprophytic bryophyte community in clear-cut forest was 0.363.In this study,9 bryophyte floristic components,mainly from East Asia and North Temperate Region,were investigated in the sample plot.A total of 4 bryophyte life forms,including tiled bryophyte,were investigated,among which tiled bryophyte accounted for 51.1%,which was the absolute advantage.The proportion of cushion bryophytes is relatively low.2.Using a 10 m×10 m quadrat as a statistical scale,we measured the α diversity difference of bryophytes in four plots.The results showed that bryophyte species richness was significantly different(P=0.015).The bryophyte diversity index was significantly different(P=0.0059).Correlation analysis showed that bryophyte diversity and richness index were most sensitive to environmental factors,and bryophyte richness index was negatively correlated with elevation and slope,and positively correlated with leaf area index of woody plants.There was a significant negative correlation between bryophyte diversity index and altitude in all the plots except selected felling plots.In the plantation plot,there was a significant negative correlation between bryophyte diversity index and slope factor,and a significant positive correlation between bryophyte diversity index and leaf area index.In general,the influence modes and degrees of environmental factors on bryophytes are different.3.The β-diversity of bryophytes in the sample plot was measured on a statistical scale of 10 m×10 m.The results showed that the bryophyte β diversity was the highest in the old forest plot and the lowest in the clear-cut forest plot.Mental correlation analysis was conducted on the heterogeneity index of each quadrat and the distance between quadrats,and the correlation coefficients were all positive,indicating that the greater the distance between quadrats,the greater the difference in species composition between the two quadrats.Use getting correlation analysis on the small side of bryophyte otherness index matrix and kinds of environment factor matrix,correlation analysis results show that the elevation with concave and convex degree of the two environmental factors in four sample with bryophytes heterosexual index showed a significant positive correlation,that illustrate the impact of terrain factors on bryophyte beta diversity degree is bigger.The differences of bryophyte species composition were analyzed by non-metric multidimensional scale(NMDS),and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the effects of environmental factors on the growth of bryophytes.The results showed that bryophyte species composition had the largest difference among different plots in the old forest plot and the smallest difference in the clear-cut forest plot.4.In order to understand and explore the effects of various environmental factors on the distribution and diversity of bryophytes in detail,the species richness and abundance distribution of bryophytes in the four plots were statistically analyzed.The results showed that bryophyte species richness was the highest in each quadrat of the plantation plot,while bryophyte abundance was the highest in each quadrat of the selective cutting plot.In order to further explore the relationship between the distribution law of bryophytes and environmental factors,the method of redundancy analysis(RDA)was selected to explore.The results showed that environmental factors had different effects on bryophytes in different locations.The effect of environmental factors on bryophyte distribution in both plantations and old forests was extremely significant(P=0.001),and the interpretation rates of RDA model axis to the total variables were 19.54% and 21.39%,respectively.The effect of environmental factors on bryophyte distribution in selective and clear-cut forest plots was not significant on the whole,and the explanation rates of RDA model axis to the total variables were 16.63% and 16.71%,respectively.In terms of environmental factors,elevation,concavity and other topographical environmental factors have a greater impact on the distribution of bryophytes,while the characteristics of woody plant communities have a smaller impact on the distribution of bryophytes.5.The existing research results indicate that bryophytes are of great value to human society in environmental monitoring,water and soil conservation,and medicinal use,etc.At present,the relevant research on bryophytes needs to be further studied.In the follow-up research and protection of bryophytes,the traditional classical research methods and modern molecular biology methods gradually developed and improved in recent years should be rationally utilized to achieve both protection and utilization.The conservation of rare and endangered bryophyte species through the establishment of gene banks and other ways to maintain bryophyte species diversity;Bryophyte species,which play an important role in soil and water conservation and environmental monitoring,should be rationally utilized in landscape planning and design to give full play to the advantages of bryophyte and benefit human beings. |
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