| Based the typical low-fertility soil(sandy soil,low organic matter content and poor soil structure)in the main grain-producing area of the old Yellow River(Binhai County),this paper studied the formulation of a new type of multi-functional soil improver,which was composed of crop straw and urea,peat,bio-organic fertilizer,fulvic acid,polyacrylamide and decay promoter.The optimum treatment of soil amendments was carried out and plot experiments were conducted in the main grain producing areas of the old Yellow River to study the effects of soil amendments on soil improvement.The main results are as follows:1)Through the orthogonal experiment of the ratio of straw material to urea,peat,bio-organic fertilizer,fulvic acid,polyacrylamide and maturing agent,the changes of crop growth and soil nutrient content were analyzed,and the optimum ratio of new soil amendment was selected.The results showed that in the orthogonal test,formula 4 straw 41.38g·kg-1+organic fertilizer4.78g·kg-1+PAM1.03g·kg-1+gypsum4.25 g·kg-1+decomposing agent 0.18 g·kg-1+urea 0.32 g·kg-1+fulvic acid 31.03 g·kg-1 and formula 7 straw 41.38 g·ka-1+organic fertilizer 2.39 g·kg-1+PAM 3.1 g·kg-1+gypsum 8.49 g·kg-1+decomposing agent 0.18 g·kg-1+urea 0.32 g·kg-1+fulvic acid 10.34 g·kg-1 were the best mixtures of the new soil amendment compared with the control group.Compared with the control group,the soil bulk densities with formula 4 and formula 7 were decreased by 13.7%and 14.5%respectively;the soil organic matter contents were increased by 11%and 25.6%;the contents of macro-aggregates(>0.25mm)were increased by 22.18%and 24.04%,respectively;crops yield were increased by 14.86%and 15.17%,respectively.Therefore,formula 4 and formula 7 can effectively improve soil properties and crop yield.2)A plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of these soil amendments on soil improvement in the main grain-producing area of the old Yellow River(Binhai County),a typical sandy low-fertility soil with maize-wheat rotation.Soil amendments were applied in the plot and compared with the control group without soil amendments.The results of plot experiment were as follows:treatment 3 straw 3001.5 kg·hm-2+fulvic acid 90.0 kg·hm-2+peat 4002.0 kg·hm-2+organic fertilizer 6003.0 kg·hm-2+PAM 19.5 kg·hm-2+urea 19.5 kg·hm-2+ maturing agent 10005.0 kg·hm-2 and treatment 6 straw 3001.5 kg·hm-2+fulvic acid 135.0 kg·hm-2+peat 4002.0 kg·hm-2+organic fertilizer 6003.0 kg·hm-2+PAM 19.5 kg·hm-2+urea 19.5 kg·hm-2+maturing agent 10005.0 kg·hm-2 are the best soil amendments.Compared with the control group,the field water holding capacity of treatment 3 and 6 were increased by 5.21%and 5.46%,respectively;the organic matter content was 9.88 g·kg-1 and 9.94 g·kg-1,respectively,which were increased by 11.03%and 11.57%compared with the control group;the total nitrogen contents were increased by 25.27%and 25.68%;the total phosphorus contents were increased by 18.52%and 17.58%,respectively;and the water stability aggregates content of soil granular levels were increased by 18.52%and 17.58%,respectively.The contents of soil alkaline phosphatase and soil urease were increased by 28.86%,29.00%and 13.59%and 14.56%respectively in treatment 3 and 6.The crop yields were 5936 kg·hm-2 and 6014 kg·hm-2 in treatment 3 and treatment 6,respectively.The crop yields in control group were 4572 kg·hm-2 and were increased by 23%and 31%respectively.Therefore,the amount of modifiers used in treatment 3 and 6 can effectively promote the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms and improve soil fertility.In summary,treatment 3 and 6 can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties,strengthen soil microbial activities,improve enzyme activity,achieve the effect of improving soil fertility,thereby increasing crop yield.It can be used as a reference for the study of new soil amendments. |
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