Study On The Biodiversity Of Taikuanhe Nature Reserve And Its Protection Countermeasures

The establishment of nature reserves is an important way to strengthen ecological protection.The investigation on protected area resources is the basis for protecting rare and endangered wildlife and biodiversity.It is of great significance to maintain the balance of the ecosystem and achieve a virtuous cycle of the ecosystem.This study takes the Taikuanhe National Nature Reserve as an object.Through investigation and monitoring of the animal and plant resources,ecological types,and ancient tree communities in the protected area,it takes the forms of inquiries,visits,and literature review to master the animals and plants in the protected area.Based on background information,status quo and existing problems of the animal and plant in protected area,by using the "HJ623-2011 Regional Biodiversity Evaluation Standards" formally implemented by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China in 2012 to comprehensively evaluate the biodiversity of protected areas,and proposes corresponding protection countermeasures.The findings are as follows:(1)There are 1038 species of 475 genera in 121 families in the Taikuanhe National Nature Reserve,of which 983 species are angiosperms in 104 families and 450 genera.The flora of the protected area is mainly composed of temperate components,supplemented by tropical components,and has the nature of transition from subtropical to temperate.(2)The Taikuanhe National Nature Reserve has 288 species of 29 orders,73 families,and 29 bird species(17 orders,45 families,and 214 species);followed by mammals(38 species),reptiles(22 species),Fish(10 species)and amphibians(4 species).The fauna shows the characteristics of the Palaeo-Border,North China,and the Loess Plateau subregion.(3)There are 33 types of wild ecosystems in Taikuanhe National Nature Reserve,belonging to 7 types of vegetation,including temperate coniferous forests,temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests,temperate broad-leaved forests,deciduous broad-leaved shrubs,shrubs,grasses and meadow.The reserve has the most well-preserved natural secondary forests and ancient tree communities such as Quercus Variabilis,Quercus Variabilis,Quercus Quercus,Quercus Serrata,Quercus Acutissima and Chestnut in China.It is one of the areas with the highest concentration and quality of natural oak forests.(4)There are 20 species of rare and endangered animals in Taikuanhe National Nature Reserve,29 species of key protected plants.There are 30 endemic species in China.The endemic nature of the flora and fauna in the reserve is not obvious.There are 39 species of alien plants and 2 species of alien animals in the reserve.(5)BI value of the comprehensive index of biodiversity in Taikuanhe National Nature Reserve is24.236,which is average.From the normalized values,we can see that the species specificity and the low abundance of threatened species are the main reasons for the low biodiversity indicators of protected areas.(6)According to the biodiversity status of the protected area,including the overall protection of wild animals and plants and ecosystem types,the protection of rare and endangered plants,the protection of ancient tree communities,the protection of rare and endangered animals,and the prevention of exotic plant invasions,the thesis has further put forward corresponding protection measures.