| The tobacco planting areas of Fujian are tobacco-paddy rotation areas,where soil multiple crop index is higher and chemical fertilizer is applied in large rate but the application of organic fertilizer is neglected,which caused the soil harden,decrease of the organic matter,carbon stock shortage,unbalanced nutrition supply,microbial activity reduction,so the tobacco leaf quality there are declining.To select and develop the soil conditioner that not only can fertilize tobacco-planting soil,but also can ensure the security of tobacco-planting soil quality.Eat hutch waste were used as main conditioner,which was disposed by Sanming City,the state of eat hutch waste comprehensive disposal of pilot city,combined with materials such as coking chaff,carbonized tobacco rod to make up composite conditioner to carry out soil improvement experiment.This research had combined cultivation experiment?pot experiment and field experiment to test the effect of eat hutch waste and its composite conditioner to the tobacco-planting soil and select best dosage and the best compounding application ratio of eat hutch waste and its composite conditioner.The main results were as follows:1.The comparison of application effect between eat hutch waste and other conditioners on flue-cured tobaccoThe agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height,stem circumference,pitch,leaf number,leaf length and width waist of Eat hutch waste treatment(treatment 8)were greater than those of the conventional fertilization treatment(treatment 1)after 70 days of tobacco seedling transplanting.Tobacco leaf production of treatment 8 was higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment(treatment 1),increased by 126.5 kg/hm2,meanwhile higher than that of treatment 2(perlite),treatment 3(dolomite fines)and treatment 7(pig manure).The tobacco leaf production value,average price and fine proportion and the proportion of superior tobacco of treatment 8 were all higher than those of treatment 1,increased by 17.03%?11.16%?26.82%?2.00%,respectively.Compared with conventional fertilization treatment,other conditioners can also improved the flue-cured tobacco output value,the flue-cured tobacco output value of treatment 2,treatment 3,treatment 4(coking chaff),treatment 5(carbonized tobacco rod),treatment 6(carbonized straw)and treatment 7 was 1.90%,12.06%,12.44%,12.06%,11.82%and 4.27%higher than that of treatment 1,respectively.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,treatment 8 significantly increased soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium content,reduced the content of soil effective zinc manganese,while the soil effective copper and effective lead and cadmium didn't change significantly.Treatment 2 to treatment 8 all increased soil pH value,increased by 0.83%,10.12%,2.05%,8.47%,2.05%,9.09%and 8.06%,respectively.2.The effects of eat hutch waste and its composite conditioners on soil pH and soil available nutrientsThe cultivation experiment showed that after 90 days of cultivation,treatment 6(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.2:0.1)got the biggest pH,whose pH was 5.99,0.78 units higher than that of treatment 1(ck);treatment 5(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.1:0.1)got the most content of soil available nitrogen,whose soil available nitrogen content was 107.41 mg/kg,15.00 mg/kg higher than that of treatment 1(ck);treatment 8(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.2:0.2)got the most content of soil available phosphorus,whose soil available phosphorus content was 18.22 mg/kg,7.53 mg/kg higher than treatment 1(ck);treatment 8(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.2:0.2)got the most content of soil available potassium,whose soil available potassium content was 135.99 mg/kg,29.14 mg/kg higher than treatment 1(ck);synthesize the nutrient condition of soil pH,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,the improvement of treatment 8 was better than the others.3.The effect of eat hutch waste and its composite conditioner on flue-cured tobacco growthCompared with treatment 1(fertilizer),the treatment 2(eat hutch waste),treatment 3(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod=1:0.2)and treatment 8(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.2:0.2)significantly increased the soil phenol oxide enzyme activity,increased by 37.46%,21.59%and 28.07%,respectively;treatment 5(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.1:0.1)and treatment 6(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.2:0.1)significantly increased soil urease activity,increased by 21.27%,10.02%,respectively.The soil biomass carbon of treatment 3 and treatment 4(eat hutch waste:coking chaff=1:0.2),treatment 6,treatment 7(eat hutch waste:carbonized tobacco rod:coking chaff=1:0.1:0.2)and treatment 8 was significantly higher than 1(fertilizer),increased by 13.01%,15.11%,11.85%,12.32%and 9.60%,respectively.After 60 days of flue-cured tobacco transplanting,the total soil PLFAs of all treatments with conditioners were higher than treatment 1,of which treatment 7 was significantly higher than treatment 1,increased by 26.00%.After finished the tobacco baking,soil pH value of treatment 1(fertilizer)was significantly lower than that of other treatments,the soil pH value among treatment 2-8 had no significant difference,and treatment 2(eat hutch waste)got the biggest soil pH.All the treatments with conditioners can significantly increase the content of soil exchangeable calcium.There was no significant difference among different treatments on soil effective of lead,cadmium content.Compared with treatment 1(fertilizer),the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption amount of flue-cured tobacco of treatments with conditioners all got increased.4.The effects of eat hutch waste and its composite conditioner on flue-cured tobacco yield and qualityEat hutch waste and its proportioning composite conditioner had no obvious effect on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco.The flue-cured tobacco agronomic traits performance of treatments with conditioners was better than that of treatment 1(conventional fertilization).Meanwhile,the tobacco incidence and disease index of treatments with conditioners were less than those of treatment 1(normal fertilizer),of which treatment 5(eat hutch waste+carbonized tobacco rod+coking chaff)got the least tobacco incidence and disease index,whose tobacco incidence and disease index were 11.29 and 5.68,respectively.Synthesize the flue-cured tobacco economic characters such as yield and output value,average price and fine proportion and the superior tobacco proportion,the economic characters of treatment 2(eat hutch waste),treatment 3(Eat hutch waste+carbonization tobacco rod),treatment 4(eat hutch waste+coking chaff)and treatment 5 were higher than those of treatment 1,and the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,average price and fine proportion and the proportion of superior tobacco of treatment 5 were significantly higher than those of treatment 1,increase by 6.30%,13.90%,7.41%,14.49%,7.41%,respectively. |
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