Biodiversity Of Bryophytes With Gemmae And Ecological Response Of Soil Metal In The Karst Bauxites Mine

Karst bauxites in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces were selected,sample areas were divided,the bryophytes were collected,identified and the bryophytes gemmae were observed,29 environments types in 7sample areas were designed and 753 bryophytes samples were collected in Guangxi province;23 environments in 5 karst bauxites were designed and 690 bryophytes samples were collected in Guizhou province.After identified of bryophytes,we found 197 species belong to 77 genera and 33 families,of which 11 species are Hepaticae species belonging to 9 genera of 9 families,1 species in 1 genus is Anthocerotae,185 species are Musci belonging to 67 genera of 23 families.In karst bauxites of Guangxi province,there were 115 species belong to 49 genera and 22 families,of which 6 species are Hepaticae species belonging to 5genera of 5 families,109 species are Musci belonging to 44 genera of 17 families.In karst bauxite area of central Guizhou province,there were112 species belong to 54 genera and 25 families,of which 6 species are Hepaticae species belonging to 5 genera of 5 families,1 species in 1genus is Anthocerotae(Phaeoceros laevis(L.)Prosk.),105 species are Musci belonging to 48 genera of 19 families.There were 30 common species belong to 26 genera and 14 families in two provinces.Bryophytes with gemmae species were found 24 species belong to12 genera and 3 families in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces karst bauxite area.Pottiaceae was the primary,followed by Bryaceae,We only found Marchantia polymorpha,Pottiaceae of Barbula and Hydrogonium(4species)were found more gemmae.With gemmae of bryophytes species were found differences in Two provinces of karst bauxite areas : Guangxi province bryophytes with gemmae were found 19 species belong to 8genera and 3 families,Guizhou province bryophytes with gemmae were found 15 species belong to 11 genera and 3 families,with the same kinds of bryophyte gemmae were found 10 species belong to 7 genera and 3families.Guangxi and Guizhou provinces karst bauxite bryophytes characteristics and bryophytes with gemmae occurrence probability of characteristics were observed and compared,which can draw the following rules:(1)The species of bryophytes features in bauxite karst area: the number of bryophytes species grew in the natural environment of bauxite area were more than the number of bryophytes which grew in the other environments in bauxite areas,for example the regular of bryophytes species of the second Lindai bauxite on the ground in Zhanjie town: rape producing area(28 species)>forest area in bauxite region(17species)>waste rock pile area(11species)>bauxite soil accumulation recovery area(9 species).(2)With gemmae of bryophytes occurrence probability of characteristics: with gemmae of bryophytes occurrence probability in other environments of bauxites areas were more than natural environments and the environments were harsher,with gemmae of bryophytes occurrence probability were higher.For example,with gemmae of bryophytes occurrence probability of the first exploited bauxite,the waste mines of the first exploited bauxite(92.50%)>the side of forest land in the first exploited bauxite(25.00%)>unexplore of the forest land in the first exploited bauxite(6.67%).There were 24 bryophyte species with gemmae in Guangxi and Guizhou provinces and these gemmae in growth location,shape,color,number and size showed difference.The bryophyte gemmae in growth location can be divided into three categories: leaf axils,rhizoid and gemma cup.There were showed the diversity of the spore form,similar to bud,nearly cylindrical,linear,nearly spherical,cambiform,wooden club shaped and disc shaped and so on.There were also differences in gemmae color,with green,brown and bronzing.Most gemmae were green,the color becomes darken after mature,usually present brown.With the number of gemmae produced,due to a variety of different types of bryophytes,the number of gemmae produced inconsistent,Molendoa japonica and Bryum bornholmense generated a minimum number of gemmae,Barbula rigidula and Barbula ditrichoides generated a maximum number of gemmae.The same species of bryophyte also have differences on the number of gemmae,this maybe related to the bryophytes growth level,habitat differences,differences in climate and so on.The bryophyte gemmae size were differences,the largest gemmae were similar bud and found in Bryum dichotomum,reached 74-98 um ×179-270um(width × length).The smallest gemmae were spherical and found in Barbula rigiudula,reached 25-31 um × 29-40um(width ×length).And the difference even on the same bryophyte gemmae at different developmental stages,the shapes and the size were present different.According to the CCA,the distribution of bryophytes with gemmae were affected soil metal element.In karst bauxites areas of Guangxi province,Ca and Mg were the main factors,these factors affected the distribution of the bryophytes with gemmae.In karst bauxites of Guizhou province,the bryophytes with gemmae were affected on the Pb,Cr and Cu,there was less affected on bryophytes with gemmae in two places of Al element.On the soil environment,there was higher adaptation of Ti in Bryum dichotomum of Guangxi and Guizhou province,and it can grow in the soil environment with high concentration of Ti.In karst bauxites areas of Guangxi province,there were higher adaptation of Ca and Mn in Weissia planifolia and Hyophila javanica of karst bauxites in Guangxi province.