| This research details the development of a backpack mobile mapping system. The system integrates an inclinometer, digital magnetic compass, dual-frequency GPS receiver and consumer digital camera into a multi-sensor mapping system. The GPS provides estimates of the camera's position at the exposure stations, and the magnetic compass and inclinometer provide estimates of the camera's attitude. These exterior orientation estimates are used together with image point measurements in a photogrammetric bundle adjustment, and the result is 3-D georeferenced co-ordinates. The design and implementation of the prototype system is detailed, and new techniques for including navigational data into a bundle adjustment are derived. Using the prototype system, absolute horizontal and vertical object space accuracies of 0.2 metres (RMS) and 0.3 metres (RMS), respectively, are achieved. |
