| Problem: As medical treatments extend the lifespan of patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease, cardiopulmonary disorders are becoming not only more prevalent but also the major source of morbidity and mortality. Modes for identifying at-risk patients and methods of treatment are more and more being recognized as an essential part of the plan of care for this patient population. Methods: Peer-reviewed clinical trials over the past ten years focusing on cardiopulmonary complications, screening methods and treatments were identified and reviewed. The articles were all obtained by searching the PubMed database. Results: Results of the literature review showed that cardiopulmonary complications are quickly becoming the number one cause of mortality in patients with hemoglobinopathies. In addition, echocardiography is showing promising results as an initial screening tool to identify patients with underlying cardiopulmonary changes that are otherwise asymptomatic. Lastly, through the review, it was seen that early medical intervention was needed to help ward off the negative symptoms that accompany these changes. Conclusion: While early identification and medical intervention seems to be the best plan for treatment, a long-term study is needed to determine whether or not these interventions prevent disease progression. |
