| Landscape architecture needs a comprehensive and systematic theory to relate built form, landscape form, and landscape ecology. Following a review of existing theory, a theory of relational complementation is developed from the place and space theory of Christian Norberg-Schulz (1971; 1979; 1985; 2000). By referring to his sources in existential philosophy (Heidegger, 1962, 1967, 1971; Heidegger & Brock, 1949) and phenomenological psychology (Piaget, 1971), his six categories of space are deductively refined, and related with processes of perception and design, using graphic models for rationalization. The theory is summarized in a model of adaptation to place, indicating the dynamic equilibrium between categories of space. This model's utility is tested in organizing existing literature. Relational consistencies and anomalies are discussed. The conclusion proposes the model as a methodological instrument, and suggests implications for research, education, and practice in landscape architecture and planning. |
