Study On Spatial Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Rural Residents' Mobility In Loess Hilly Region

The 19 th Communist Party of China National Congress put forward "the rural revitalization strategy",which aims to coordinate the contradiction and promote balanced development between urban and rural areas.Although there is a big gap between urban and rural areas,they interact more and more closely in population,economy,material,social function,public service and other aspects,thus forming a complex social network relationship,which is based on geographical space including daily production,living and spiritual needs of rural residents.Rural residents are not only the practical subject of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,but also the internal driving force of the construction and development of the new urban-rural relationship.The assessment and influencing factor analysis are of great significance to adjust the relationship between human beings and nature resources according to human needs,which promotes the optimization of territory and the sustainable development of urban and rural areas.In view of this,the paper selected lanzhou city,located in the Loess Hilly Region,as the research area,the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of rural residents' mobility were studied from the perspective of regional space based on the questionnaire survey data of current situation of rural residents' mobility in lanzhou city of 2019.Firstly,a comprehensive measurement index system of rural residents' mobility was established,including 34 indicators from four dimensions: network mobility,human mobility,smart mobility and green mobility.The entropy method was used to measure the mobility level of rural residents,and the rural residents' mobility index of each dimension was obtained;Secondly,with the help of Natural breakpoint method in the ArcGIS,each district and county of lanzhou city governs the street/town rural residents mobility level is divided into three grades,namely ?(high flow area),?(middle flow area)and ?(low flow area).The spatial characteristics of the mobility of rural residents and each dimension mobility level of different types of rural residents were analyzed by taking streets/towns as a unit;Finally,Taking the comprehensive mobility index of each street/town as the dependent variable,a total of 12 influencing factors in 6 aspects including traffic location,natural environment,social security,economic development,population structure and information level were selected as independent variables,factor detectors and interaction detectors in the geographic detector model were used to identify the main factors affecting the mobility of rural residents and analyze the interactions among the factors,in order to fully reveal the characteristics and influence mechanism of the mobility of rural residents in Loess Hilly Region.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From the perspective of regional space,the comprehensive mobility of rural residents in Lanzhou appears obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics,showing the structural characteristics of "center-periphery" from the central city to the northwest and southeast respectively.At the same time,there are obvious regional differences in network mobility,human mobility,smart mobility and green mobility.Among them,network mobility is characterized by "high value concentrated in the central city,median value throughout the central south and low value periphery",human mobility presents a trend of "high value concentrated in the central city,low value throughout the north and south",smart mobility shows a trend of " high value concentrated in the central city,high in the central south,low in the northwest",green mobility shows a spatial distribution characteristic of " high value concentrated in the central city,median piece,low dispersion".(2)In terms of different dimensions of mobility,lanzhou has the highest level of human mobility,the middle level of smart mobility and green mobility,and the lowest level of network mobility.The rapid development of cultural and sports undertakings in lanzhou city,the increasingly rich spiritual world of rural residents and the expectation of a better life in the future have improved the human mobility of rural residents.Lanzhou city is a typical ecological fragile area in Loess Hilly Region,the high information development in the central city has limited attraction and radiation driving effect on the surrounding areas,with the rise of the concept of green ecological civilization,prompting the production,life,travel and consumption of rural residents in the region towards the green direction,therefore,Smart mobility and green mobility level in the middle.Network mobility is closely related to traffic accessibility,but there are some serious problems in this region,such as unblocked roads and inadequate infrastructure,so the network mobility level is the lowest.(3)From the perspective of rural residents,the mobility level of different types of rural residents in each dimension is determined by their production and living behaviors,and is basically consistent with their employment characteristics.The order of comprehensive mobility and network mobility level is part-time rural residents > non-agricultural rural residents > pure rural residents,the ranking of smart mobility and green mobility level is non-agricultural rural residents > part-time rural residents > pure rural residents,and the ranking of human mobility level is part-time rural residents > pure rural residents > non-agricultural rural residents.(4)Traffic location factor and population structure factor are the leading factors affecting the spatial differentiation of rural residents' mobility,economic development factor,information level factor and social security factor are the important factors affecting the spatial differentiation of rural residents' mobility,and natural environment factor is the basic factor affecting the spatial differentiation of rural residents' mobility.The spatial differentiation of rural residents' mobility is the result of the joint action of various influencing factors,the interaction between any two factors will enhance the interpretation of the spatial differentiation of rural residents' mobility.