Research On The Spatial Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Rural Economic Differences In The Loess Plateau

Rural economic disparity is related to the coordinated development and sustainable development of social economy.Under the premise of rural revitalization and poverty alleviation,how to narrow the regional rural economic disparities and promote rural economic development has become an important part of national economic development.The Loess Plateau has long been the political,economic and cultural center of china.At the same time,it is also a multi-ethnic convergence zone in china and a relatively poor area.Its rural economic disparities are related to the coordinated development of regional economy,and also to the completion of two centenary goals of china,which need to be studied and solved urgently.This paper takes 341 counties(cities,districts and banners)in the Loess Plateau as research units,draws lessons from regional balanced development theory and regional unbalanced development theory,and uses the methods of geography and regional economics to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of rural economic disparities in the Loess Plateau from three aspects:farmers’ income level,agricultural production level and comprehensive level of rural economy,and discusses the influencing factors of rural economic disparities.The absolute difference,relative difference and development speed difference of peasants’income level and agricultural production level in the Loess Plateau area were analyzed by using mathematical statistics methods such as calculation range,standard deviation,coefficient of variation,relative development speed and wolfson index and arcgis visualization operation.Principal component analysis(pca)is used to assess the level of rural economic development in the region.Visual operation and spatial correlation analysis are carried out by arcgis and open geoda software to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and spatial correlation.The purpose of this paper is to enrich the theory and practice of regional economic disparities in rural areas,and to provide reference for narrowing the rural economic disparities in the Loess Plateau.Based on the above research,we come to the following conclusion:(1)The absolute difference of peasants’ per capita net income between regions in the Loess Plateau is expanding,and the fluctuation degree of absolute difference among different types of regions is different,but all of them are expanding trend.However,the relative differences among income regions are narrowing,and the fluctuation degree of the relative differences among different types of regions is different,but all of them are decreasing.Among them,the areas with relatively high per capita net income of farmers are mainly located in agricultural irrigation areas,desert and sandy areas,valley plain areas,while the areas with lower income are mainly located in gully areas of the Loess Plateau,hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau,earth and rock mountainous areas.The distribution of income is basically the same as the distribution of income development speed,that is,the growth rate of income in higher income areas is faster,and vice versa.(2)The absolute difference of the total output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery in the Loess Plateau region is expanding,and the fluctuation degree of the absolute difference among different types of regions is different,but all of them are expanding trend.The fluctuation of the relative difference of the total output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery between regions decreases,and the fluctuation of wolfson polarization index is small.The trend of change is the same as that of the relative difference,and the polarization index increases slightly.The trend of relative development speed concentration is obvious,and the high-speed development area is concentrated in the valley plain area.The low-speed development areas are concentrated in the gully area of the Loess Plateau and the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau.(3)The distribution pattern of the comprehensive level of rural economic development has not changed significantly during the study period.The high level areas are mainly located in the agricultural irrigation areas and the valley plain areas.The middle and high level areas are adjacent to the high level areas,and the middle and low level areas are adjacent to the middle and high level areas,forming an obvious center-periphery structure.The low level areas are mainly distributed in the gully areas of the Loess Plateau.The spatial agglomeration characteristics of rural economic development level in the Loess Plateau are significant,and the distribution of hh and 11 agglomeration areas is stable.Hh agglomeration area is stable in agricultural irrigation area,desert and sandy area,11 agglomeration area is distributed in gully area of Loess Plateau and hilly gully area of Loess Plateau.(4)Based on the analysis of above three aspects,it is founded that the spatial distribution of rural economic development in the Loess Plateau presents the following characteristics:the average net income of peasants,the total output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery and the comprehensive level of rural economic development in the Loess Plateau are stable in the northwest agricultural and irrigation areas,desert and sand areas,the southern valley plain areas and the surrounding urban areas during the study period.The areas with poor development are mainly located in gully area,hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau and earth-rock mountainous area,and the most slowly developed areas are the stone mountainous area.It can be seen that natural resource factors have a greater impact on the rural economy in slow-growing areas.At the same time,the level of rural economic development in municipal areas and close to urban areas is relatively high,and the development speed of income and gross production is also faster.It can be seen that location factors have a significant impact on rural economy.In addition,the agglomeration characteristics and radiation effects of the three regions are obvious.The regions with medium-high,medium-low and low degree of development are extrapolated from the higher areas in turn,forming a distinct center-periphery structure.(5)There are many factors affecting rural economic development,including natural resources,location,policy,labor force,infrastructure and so on.These factors interact with each other and ultimately affect the level of rural economic development.