Study On The Effect Of Cooperatives On Apple Farmers' Safe Production Behaviors

The production stage is the origin of the supply chain of agricultural products,and farmers' production behavior play an important role in the construction of sustainable agricultural system.At present,China's agricultural development will still maintain the basic pattern of small-scale farming as the main body,that is,small-scale farmers are the major commitment of food safety.And the new agricultural management subject represented by cooperatives will gradually play an increasingly important role in China's agriculture markets.Based on the survey data of apple farmers in Shaanxi and Shandong province,this paper empirically analyzes the effect of cooperative participation and cooperative service function on the safe use of pesticides.The mode of ‘cooperative + farmer' is typical among apple farmers in China.The cooperative members have higher proportion of CPC members,higher education level,smaller family size,stronger risk preference,higher planting scale,higher probability of land transfer and stronger awareness of food safety.From the perspective of safe application behavior,apple farmers in Shandong Province and Shaanxi Province have basically banned the use of highly toxic pesticides,but there are still some defects in the standardization of pesticide application.Among them,the first three specific manifestations of nonstandard application are: excessive application of pesticides,failure to match the pesticide concentration according to the regulations,failure to implement the safety interval according to the regulations.There is a significant positive correlation between the cooperative participation and the three safe drug application behaviors of Apple farmers at the statistical level of 1%.Planting scale plays a significant negative role in regulating the effect of farmers' safe production behavior.The larger the apple planting scale is,the weaker the effect of farmers' safe use of pesticides is.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:First,"cooperative + farmer" is the typical structure of the current apple farmers in China.There are obvious differences between cooperative members and non-cooperative members in the basic social statistical characteristics,and the evaluation of the satisfaction degree of cooperative members in the two provinces is generally at the level of "General Satisfaction".Secondly,according to the practice of safe application of pesticides,the apple farmers in Shandong and Shaanxi provinces have basically banned the use of highly toxic pesticides,but there are still some defects in the standardization of pesticide application.Among them,the first three specific manifestations of non-standard pesticide application are: excessive use of pesticides,not in accordance with the provisions of pesticide concentration,not in accordance with the provisions of the implementation of the safe interval.Thirdly,on the whole,the vast majority of apple farmers agree with the harm of nonstandard pesticide application.According to the cognition of harm,the cognition degree of apple farmers in Shandong and Shaanxi Province is the highest,the next is personal health,and the last is ecological environment quality.Fourthly,there was a significant positive correlation between the co-operative participation and the co-operative service satisfaction and the three safe pesticide application behaviors of apple farmers at 1% statistical level.Fifthly,the effect of the scale of apple planting on the safety production behavior of the farmers who join the cooperative plays a significant negative regulating role,that is,the larger the scale of apple planting,the effect of farmers' cooperative participation on their safe pesticide use was weaker.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations:First,the safety behavior of fresh fruit producers should be paid more attention to.The government needs to strengthen supervision and management or formulate corresponding measures,adopt various means to guide farmers to standardize production,and strengthen the quality and safety level of agricultural products at source.Secondly,the farmers' cognition about the harm of non-standard application of pesticide should be strengthened.We should try to raise farmers' awareness of social harmfulness of nonstandard drug use by means of modern information popularization,and make farmers fully aware of the importance of standard drug use through scientific and technological training.Thirdly,policy makers should make full use of the new-type agricultural operators,especially the platform provided by cooperative economic organizations,to regulate the production behavior of farmers gradually into the regulatory system,and to supervise,monitor and guide the production safety behavior of farmers.We should focus on training basic-level agricultural technical personnel and strengthen the guidance of safe production to the core farmers in the cooperatives so as to give full play to their leading role.Fourthly,the cooperative itself should standardize the operation mechanism and improve the service system.On the one hand,cooperatives can promote the standardized production and standardized production of farmers through the construction of positive incentive mechanism,and improve the incentive of safe production behavior through differential pricing and credit mechanism.On the other hand,cooperatives should actively improve their service functions,improve farmers' cognitive level by organizing technical training and guidance,and reduce farmers' cost of technology and information acquisition.The research of this paper indicates that the quality and safety of agricultural products in the production process should still be attached enough importance to.Although the standardization of production factor market is gradually strengthening,unsafe pesticides have been basically excluded from the market,but the standardization of drug use of fruit farmers in the production process still needs to be strengthened.In this process,policy makers should make full use of the platform provided by the new type of agricultural operators,especially the cooperative economic organizations,to standardize the production behavior of farmers gradually into the regulatory system,and supervise,detect and guide the safe production behavior of farmers.At the same time,fourth,cooperatives themselves should standardize the operation mechanism and improve the service system.