Reducing Pesticide Application:Research On Farmers' Behavior And Its Effect

China is the country with the largest amount of pesticide use.It is one of the main tasks of China's agricultural development to carry out pesticide reduction action and achieve the goal of negative growth of pesticide use.Farmers are the direct decision-makers of pesticide application.The key to control and reduce the amount of pesticide application is to study the behavior mechanism of reducing pesticide application.There are three technical paths for farmers to reduce pesticide application without affecting agricultural production: one is to adopt efficient pesticide application technology to improve the utilization rate of chemical pesticides;the second is to adopt green prevention and control technology to replace chemical pesticides;the third is to select "pesticide-saving" crop varieties.Based on the survey data of apple growers in Qixia,Penglai,Haiyang,Mengyin and Yiyuan in Shandong Province,this paper explores and analyzes the problems such as the current situation of farmers' behavior of reducing pesticide application,the mechanism and effect of farmers' adoption of efficient pesticide application technology,the mechanism and effect of farmers' adoption of green prevention and control technology,and the incentive policy for farmers to reduce pesticide application Reducing the use of chemical pesticides can provide policy reference for achieving the goal of negative growth of pesticide use.The main conclusions are as follows:In this paper,based on the macro statistical data and micro survey data,the total amount of pesticide application in China and the behavior characteristics of sample farmers in reducing pesticide application were investigated,come to conclusion:On the macro level,under the guidance of a series of "pesticide reduction and efficiency increase" policies,the total amount and intensity of pesticide application in China have slightly decreased after 2015,but they are still far higher than the internationally recognized upper limit of pesticide application;there are regional differences in pesticide application,and the pesticide application in Central China,North China and Southeast China is larger;on the micro level,the survey results of apple growers in Shandong Province show that,Most fruit growers can recognize the current situation and harm of excessive pesticide application,especially the harm to their own health,and express their willingness to reduce pesticide application without affecting production;farmers think that reducing pesticide application mainly affects apple production from three aspects of yield,production cost and labor input;although 83.18% of sample farmers said that they had adopted at least one pesticide-saving technology,but Most farmers mainly adopt scientific application methods and pesticide adjuvant technology,and the adoption rate of high-efficiency spraying machinery,precise application technology and green prevention and control technology with more significant effect is only 26.47%;the technology adoption mode is mainly self purchase equipment,and government subsidies also promote a certain proportion of farmers to adopt the pesticide-saving Technology;heterogeneous farmers have poor behavior in reducing pesticide application However,scale farmers are more willing to reduce pesticide application than traditional small farmers.There are differences in the key factors for farmers to select high-efficiency pesticide application technology with different technical attributes,and the adoption of high-efficiency pesticide application technology has a significant effect on reducing pesticide and increasing income.According to the differences of technical properties,high-efficiency pesticide application technology can be divided into four categories: scientific application method,pesticide additives,efficient spraying machinery and precision application technology.The results showed that there were differences in the key factors for farmers to select high-efficiency pesticide application technology with different technical attributes.Labor endowment,planting area and communication with neighbors are the key factors affecting farmers' adoption of secondary dilution technology;age,cooperative participation and communication degree with neighbors are the key factors affecting farmers' adoption of pesticide additives;education level,income level,planting area,plot concentration,participation in technical training and policy support are influencing farmers' adoption of high-efficiency pesticide application machinery Age,education level,income level,planting area and plot concentration have significant impact on Farmers' adoption of precision pesticide application technology.In theory,farmers' adoption of high-efficiency pesticide application technology can improve the utilization rate of chemical pesticides,improve the allocation efficiency of other production factors and change agricultural output to achieve the ideal effect of reducing pesticide application and increasing income.The empirical analysis using ESRM shows that the effect of pesticide application reduction by farmers adopting high-efficiency pesticide application technology is very significant,which has a certain effect of increasing production.The water-saving effect is remarkable and the production cost is reduced.Therefore,the income increase effect of farmers adopting high-efficiency pesticide application technology is also very significant.Based on the technical characteristics of complex application,high expected risk and high investment cost of green prevention and control technology,this paper investigates farmers' willingness to adopt green prevention and control technology,continuous adoption behavior and effect of reducing drug and increasing income.The SEM was used to analyze the impact of risk perception and technology cognition on Farmers' willingness to adopt green prevention and control technology.The results showed that both of them had significant influence,and the effect of technology cognition was greater than that of risk perception.Technology cognition had a significant negative impact on risk perception,indicating that technology cognition could alleviate the inhibition of risk perception on Farmers' willingness to adopt green prevention and control technology The Heckman sample selection model analyzes the impact of government support and adoption effect on Farmers' sustainable adoption of green prevention and control technology.The results show that various forms of government support have significant positive effect on Farmers' adoption of green prevention and control technology,subsidy policy and sales support have significant positive impact on Farmers' continuous adoption of green prevention and control technology,and adoption effect has a significant impact on whether farmers adopt green prevention and control technology Among them,perceived usefulness and ecological effect have a significant positive impact on Farmers' continuous adoption of green prevention and control technology;farmers' adoption of green prevention and control technology can affect the application amount of chemical pesticides from three aspects: element substitution,reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests and optimizing the allocation efficiency of production factors.Empirical analysis using ESRM shows that fruit farmers adopt green prevention and control technology However,due to the impact of apple price fluctuation,agricultural product quality information asymmetry and farmers' adoption degree,the adoption of green prevention and control technology by farmers failed to achieve significant effect of increasing production and income,which also caused some farmers to choose to abandon the technology.The crop selection behavior of farmers to reduce the use of pesticide has a significant negative effect.The difference of occurrence degree of diseases and insect pests among different kinds of crops leads to that the pesticide demand per unit area of some crops is significantly higher than that of other crops.According to the difference of pesticide demand,crops are divided into three categories: high pesticide use crops,medium pesticide crops and low pesticide use crops.If the planting proportion of "pesticide saving" crops can be increased,the overall weighted average pesticide consumption of crops can be reduced.Based on the data of pesticide application amount and crop planting structure from 2006 to 2016,the influence of planting structure change on the growth of pesticide application amount was systematically calculated from the national and regional levels by using factor decomposition model.The results showed that the proportion of high pesticide use crops increased significantly in China's crop planting structure from 2006 to 2016.The change of planting structure greatly promoted the growth of pesticide application in China and most areas,with an average contribution rate of 50.10%,which was even the most important driving factor in some years.Based on the above research conclusions,it is proposed that the incentive policy of pesticide application reduction in China should be optimized in combination with the technical characteristics of pesticide saving type and heterogeneous farmers' preference,including incentive for the adoption of efficient pesticide application technology,incentive for green prevention and control technology,guidance for farmers to select "pesticide saving" crop varieties and external internal subsidy incentive.