An Empirical Study On The Impact Of National High-tech Zone Policies On Urban High-tech Industries

In today's world,science has become an important supporting point of economic and social progress,and the continuous progress of science and technology is the source power of economic growth.The high-tech industry with technological innovation as the core element is the backbone of the development of science and teehnology,which has absolute advantages different from other industries.Its development degree will have a strong impact on the economy of a country,and it is a key industry vigorously developed by all countries in the world.Since the 1980s,in the face of the world-wide new technology revolution and industrial restructuring,China has actively promoted scientific and technological innovation,vigorously developed high-tech industries,and used high-tech to transform traditional industries.According to China's national conditions,drawing on the experience of foreign countries in developing high-tech industries,China develops high-tech industries by formulating national high-tech industrial development zone policies.As of 2018-China has established 156 national high-tech industrial development zones.As an important economic policy implemented by the country since the reform and opening up,whether to promote the development of urban high-tech industries has an important impact on the economic growth of various regions in China.The existing research literature mainly focuses on the development mode of national high-tech zones and innovation performance of national high-tech zones,but less on the direct impact of national high-tech zones on the development of high-tech industries as an important "policy test field".Based on the panel data of 220 prefecture level cities in China from 2003 to 2012,guided by the government intervention theory and innovation theory,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of national high-tech zone as a location-oriented policy on the development of urban high-tech industry by using the double difference method.The conclusions of this paper are as follows:firstly,in the whole sample range,the national high-tech zone policy has significantly promoted the growth of urban high-tech industry output value.In the regression results of control variables,foreign direct investment(FDI),technology expenditure(techexp)and Technology Practitioners(Temp)have significantly positive effects on the output value of urban high-tech industry,while the estimation coefficient of per capita GDP(pgdp)is significant This may be because:on the one hand,the development of high-tech industry is affected by external factors such as government agencies and industrial policies,which weakens the relationship with economic benefits;on the other hand,most regions in China are still labor-intensive traditional manufacturing industry as the main industrial structure,and high-tech industry is less affected by economic fluctuations.Secondly,due to the obvious regional characteristics of cities in China,the differences in the development stage and its own characteristics may affect the development of high-tech industries.Therefore,according to the classification of the East,the middle and the west of China,the heterogeneity regression is carried out.The regression results show that the impact of national high-tech zone policies on high-tech industries is quite different between different regions,specifically as follows The estimation coefficient of the eastern city is significantly positive,which is much larger than that of the whole sample.The central region is not significant,while the western region is significantly negative.In the heterogeneous regression of the distance difference between the high-tech zone and the urban administrative center,the closer the location of the high-tech zone and the urban administrative center is,the more obvious the promotion effect is.The reason may be that the proximity to the urban administrative center can make use of the existing convenient conditions of the city and gather human resources with the help of the reputation of the urban center.In the mechanism analysis,this paper selects the urban spatial structure as the transmission mechanism,and analyzes the impact of high-tech zone policies on the output value of urban high-tech industry from the perspective of agglomeration effect.The results show that the establishment of national high-tech zone has a positive impact on the development of urban high-tech industry by promoting the agglomeration of urban spatial structure.Finally,this paper summarizes the impact of national high-tech zone policy on the development of urban high-tech industry and the heterogeneity of its existence,and puts forward some suggestions for the development of China's high-tech industry.